Abstract-This study explores the reciprocal benefits that high-school peer mentors experience while participating in a cross-age peer mentoring program. Mentors were trained to support the basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, belonging) of their mentees while teaching them to play music. A pre-post mentoring self-report questionnaire was used to assess the amount of reciprocal basic psychological need satisfaction that mentors experienced. Findings indicated that mentors experienced reciprocal satisfaction for all three basic psychological needs from Time-1 (4-weeks of mentoring) to Time-2 (8-weeks of mentoring). The need for competence was the only need that demonstrated a statistically significant increase from Time-1 to Time-2. Implications for both theory and practice in classrooms is discussed.Index Terms-Self-determination theory, cross-age peer mentoring, basic psychological needs.
I. INTRODUCTIONCross-age peer mentoring is a strengths-based intervention designed to increase the relationship and leadership skills of mentors while simultaneously promoting the self-esteem, academic engagement, and sense of belonging amongst mentees [1]. Programs are designed to have two students meeting at least once a week, for a minimum of ten meetings, where they engage in conversation, play, and structured activities if provided [2]. The main difference between cross-age peer mentoring programs and other traditional mentoring programs is that, typically, mentors are high-school students, rather than adults, who are at least two years older than their mentee [3].Within the cross-age peer mentoring literature to date, only a few theoretical perspectives exist to help explain both how and why programs promote positive outcomes in participating youth [4]. Within the theoretical frameworks that have been developed, three are commonly cited and acknowledged in the literature.The first theory argues that mentoring impacts participating children and youth through three complementary processes: (1) improving their social relationships and psychological well-being; (2) enhancing their cognitive skills through conversation and dyadic interaction; and (3) promoting positive identity development through serving as role models (mentors) and interacting with Manuscript received July 8, 2016; revised October 21, 2016. This research was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SHHRC) under grant #6566.Benjamin Dantzer is with the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (e-mail: dantzerben@gmail.com).older peers (mentees) [5].The second dominant theoretical framework originates from Attachment Theory [6] and suggests that mentoring relationships have the potential to provide youth with a corrective experience. This framework, most commonly applied to adult-with-youth programs, suggests that mentors can help mentees reorganize their internal working models of relationships through positive relationships [7]. In this model, the role of the mentor is to provide their mentee with a sense of secu...