How and where do disturbances promote the establishment of nonnative mycorrhizal plants at high elevations?

Bueno, C. Guillermo; Hiiesalu, Inga; Koorem, Kadri

doi:10.1111/nph.17274

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Nevertheless, our findings are supported by other studies that found that the composition and diversity of AMF communities are strongly affected by elevation [ 42 , 45 ], which could facilitate the AMF-mediated limitations to invader success that we posit occurred here. Thus, we conclude that the expansion of invasive G. quadriradiata along elevation is limited not only by changing abiotic factors, as is commonly recognized and widely supported [ 4 , 46 ], but also by AMF community dynamics. Although we did not use molecular means to analyze the composition and differences of the AMF communities inoculated at different altitudes in this study, it can be seen from our research results that the AMF inoculated treatment was successful.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The Invasion of Galinsoga quadriradiata into High Elevations Is Shaped by Variation in AMF Communities

Liu,

Lee

et al. 2023

Plants

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Mountain ranges have been previously suggested to act as natural barriers to plant invasion due to extreme environmental conditions. However, how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affect invasion into these systems has been less explored. Here, we investigated how changes in AMF communities affect the performance of Galinsoga quadriradiata in mountain ranges. We performed a greenhouse experiment to study the impact of inoculations of AMF from different elevations on the performance and reproduction of invaders and how competition with native plants changes the effects of invader–AMF interactions. We found strong evidence for a nuanced role of AMF associations in the invasion trajectory of G. quadriradiata, with facilitative effects at low elevations and inhibitory effects at high elevations. Galinsoga quadriradiata performed best when grown with inoculum collected from the same elevation but performed worst when grown with inoculum collected from beyond its currently invaded range, suggesting that AMF communities can help deter invasion at high elevations. Finally, the invasive plants grown alone experienced negative effects from AMF, while those grown in competition experienced positive effects, regardless of the AMF source. This suggests that G. quadriradiata lowers its partnerships with AMF in stressful environments unless native plants are present, in which case it overpowers native plants to obtain AMF support during invasion. Finally, our results indicate that invader–AMF interactions can inhibit invasive range expansion at high elevations, and biotic interactions, in addition to harsh environmental conditions, make high-elevation mountain ranges natural barriers against continued invasion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The Invasion of Galinsoga quadriradiata into High Elevations Is Shaped by Variation in AMF Communities

Liu,

Lee

et al. 2023

Plants

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in agricultural fields is explained by the historical proximity to natural habitats

Zárate Martínez,

Hiiesalu,

Sepp

et al. 2024

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Plant-symbiotic fungal diversity tracks variation in vegetation and the abiotic environment along an extended elevational gradient in the Himalayas

Hiiesalu,

Schweichhart,

Angel

et al. 2023

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can benefit plants under environmental stress, and influence plant adaptation to warmer climates. However, very little is known about the ecology of these fungi in alpine environments. We sampled plant roots along a large fraction (1941–6150 m asl (above sea level)) of the longest terrestrial elevational gradient on Earth and used DNA metabarcoding to identify AM fungi. We hypothesized that AM fungal alpha and beta diversity decreases with increasing elevation, and that different vegetation types comprise dissimilar communities, with cultured (putatively ruderal) taxa increasingly represented at high elevations. We found that the alpha diversity of AM fungal communities declined linearly with elevation, whereas within-site taxon turnover (beta diversity) was unimodally related to elevation. The composition of AM fungal communities differed between vegetation types and was influenced by elevation, mean annual temperature, and precipitation. In general, Glomeraceae taxa dominated at all elevations and vegetation types; however, higher elevations were associated with increased presence of Acaulosporaceae, Ambisporaceae, and Claroideoglomeraceae. Contrary to our expectation, the proportion of cultured AM fungal taxa in communities decreased with elevation. These results suggest that, in this system, climate-induced shifts in habitat conditions may facilitate more diverse AM fungal communities at higher elevations but could also favour ruderal taxa.

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How and where do disturbances promote the establishment of nonnative mycorrhizal plants at high elevations?

Abstract: This article is a Commentary on Clavel et al. (2021), 230: 1156–1168.

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

The Invasion of Galinsoga quadriradiata into High Elevations Is Shaped by Variation in AMF Communities

The Invasion of Galinsoga quadriradiata into High Elevations Is Shaped by Variation in AMF Communities

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in agricultural fields is explained by the historical proximity to natural habitats

Plant-symbiotic fungal diversity tracks variation in vegetation and the abiotic environment along an extended elevational gradient in the Himalayas

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