How are employees of the nonprofit sector motivated? A research need

Abstract

This article reviews research on motivation of employees in theT HIS ARTICLE EXPLORES the necessity of nonprofit specifications in the existing motivation theories. Most motivation-related nonprofit research concentrates on existing and well-documented motivation theories stemming from the for-profit sector. Three basic themes have received most attention in this respect: the two-factor theory by Herzberg, Mausner, and Snyderman (1957), the job characteristics model by Hackman and Oldham (1980), and the expectancy-valence motivation theory by Vroom (1964). These theories, which represent either a content approach or a process approach to motivation, dominate the research agenda. Content theories of motivation emphasize the reasons that elicit behavior, that is, what causes it and what its intended purpose is. A content theory explains behavioral aspects in terms of specific human needs, specific values, or other factors that drive behavior and act as motives. Process theories of motivation focus on how the motives create arousal of a certain intensity, leading to a particular behavior, or how a person comes to act in a certain way. There is less emphasis on the specific factors that cause behavior (Tosi, Mero, and Rizzo, 2000;Foster, 2000).While the two-factor theory focuses on the motivation content, that is, the now classic duality between extrinsic and intrinsic factors that respectively decrease or increase motivation, the

Profiling teachers’ sense of professional identity

“…This change in the level of motivation could be the drive behind the scores on the other indicators. Previous research has shown and suggested relationships between motivation and self-efficacy (Schepers et al 2005), job satisfaction (Davis and Wilson 2000) and occupational commitment (Sinclair et al 2006). Furthermore, starting their profession, teachers have a certain perspective on what teaching entails.…”

Employee Motivation in Non-Profit: Evidence from a Community Based Voluntary Organization

“…There are many ways managers can use in order to encourage employee compliance with goals and objectives of the organization, this can be in terms of monitoring schemes and also incentives (Leete, 2000). Research has shown employees in voluntary organizations are more concerned meeting the needs of the public as opposed to extrinsic rewards displaying a very large commitment to the goals and objectives in which they work (Schepers et al, 2005). Whether this is the case in all Voluntary organizations is highly debatable and we will be looking at whether this is the case at ABC.…”

Cultural Influence on Teacher Motivation–A Country Study of Maldives

“…Hence, continued research in different settings is warranted to determine what sustains teachers to be motivated and enhance the inputs for better student developments/outcomes [42], [43]. Therefore, a PhD research project was carried out to explore the stakeholders' perceptions of what motivates successful teachers to remain in the small and remote islands of the Maldives.…”