“…Elsewhere, the presence of pyroglutamic acid as the N-terminal residue, another kind of posttranslational modification, was found in the newly characterized AvBD7 sequence. Amidation and glutaminyl cyclization are commonly found in bioactive peptides and short polypeptides, such as hormones, neuropeptides, antimicrobial peptides, and venom toxins (6,21,24,27,29,32,41,42). The C-terminal amide has been shown to increase antibacterial potency by inducing ␣-helix formation or stabilizing ␣-helix (13,28,32).…”