How do dietary flavanols improve vascular function? A position paper

Schewe, Tankred; Steffen, Yvonne; Sies, Helmut

doi:10.1016/j.abb.2008.03.004

Cited by 224 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The present study has been circumscribed to RGJ polyphenols and a limited number of pure flavonoids. Based on the rapid metabolisation of these compounds once absorbed by the intestine and the distinct actions of aglycones as compared with conjugated flavonoids on NADPH oxidase activity recently observed (47,49) , the action of the different flavonoid metabolites on gene expression deserves further investigation. Neutrophil NADPH oxidase plays a key role in host defence and inflammation, and the deficiency of zO 2 2 production leads to a marked increase in the susceptibility of infections as demonstrated in chronic granulomatous disease (50) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of red grape juice polyphenols in NADPH oxidase subunit expression in human neutrophils and mononuclear blood cells

et al. 2009

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The NADPH oxidase enzyme system is the main source of superoxide anions in phagocytic and vascular cells. NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation has been found to be abnormally enhanced in several chronic diseases. Evidence is accumulating that polyphenols may have the potential to improve cardiovascular health, although the mechanism is not fully established. Consumption of concentrated red grape juice, rich in polyphenols, has been recently shown to reduce NADPH oxidase activity in circulating neutrophils from human subjects. In the present work we studied whether red grape juice polyphenols affected NADPH oxidase subunit expression at the transcription level. For this, we used human neutrophils and mononuclear cells from peripheral blood, HL-60-derived neutrophils and the endothelial cell line EA.hy926.Superoxide production was measured with 2 0 7 0 -dichlorofluorescein diacetate or lucigenin, mRNA expression by real-time RT-PCR and protein expression by Western blot. Each experiment was performed at least three times. In all cell types tested, red grape juice, dealcoholised red wine and pure polyphenols decreased superoxide anion production. Red grape juice and dealcoholised red wine selectively reduced p47phox, p22phox and gp91phox expression at both mRNA and protein levels, without affecting the expression of p67phox. Pure polyphenols, particularly quercetin, also reduced NADPH oxidase subunit expression, especially p47phox, in all cell types tested. The present results showing that red grape juice polyphenols reduce superoxide anion production provide an alternative mechanism by which consumption of grape derivatives may account for a reduction of oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular and/or inflammatory diseases related to NADPH oxidase superoxide overproduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of red grape juice polyphenols in NADPH oxidase subunit expression in human neutrophils and mononuclear blood cells

et al. 2009

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“…However, intervention studies do not always support these findings [10]. In the case of blood pressure, plausible mechanisms from experimental studies include their effects on vascular blood flow and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthocyanin-rich plum juice reduces ambulatory blood pressure but not acute cognitive function in younger and older adults: a pilot crossover dose-timing study

et al. 2017

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“…CFs directly scavenge ROS and nitrogen species (91); moreover, they modulate crucial enzymes related to oxidative stress, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase, xanthine oxidase, and lipooxygenase (92,93). In line with this, the exposure of human endothelial cells to epicatechin inhibited endothelial NADPH oxidase, reduced superoxide and peroxynitrite levels, and consequently induced an increase in NO and cyclic guanosine monophosphate cellular levels (94). Furthermore, cocoa powder and epicatechin demonstrated to significantly decrease aortic oxidative stress and circulating markers related to impaired coagulation (von Willebrand factor, factor VIII, and fibrinogen) and inflammation (tissue necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and C-reactive protein) (95).…”

Section: Putative Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Cocoa, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Function

et al. 2012

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the most common cause of death worldwide. The consumption of natural polyphenol-rich foods, and cocoa in particular, has been related to a reduced risk of CVD, including coronary heart disease and stroke. Intervention studies strongly suggest that cocoa exerts a beneficial impact on cardiovascular health, through the reduction of blood pressure (BP), improvement of vascular function, modulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, and reduction of platelet aggregation. These potentially beneficial effects have been shown in healthy subjects as well as in patients with risk factors (arterial hypertension, diabetes, and smoking) or established CVD (coronary heart disease or heart failure). Several potential mechanisms are supposed to be responsible for the positive effect of cocoa; among them activation of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, increased bioavailability of NO as well as antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. It is the aim of this review to summarize the findings of cocoa and chocolate on BP and vascular function.

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How do dietary flavanols improve vascular function? A position paper

Cited by 224 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of red grape juice polyphenols in NADPH oxidase subunit expression in human neutrophils and mononuclear blood cells

Effects of red grape juice polyphenols in NADPH oxidase subunit expression in human neutrophils and mononuclear blood cells

Anthocyanin-rich plum juice reduces ambulatory blood pressure but not acute cognitive function in younger and older adults: a pilot crossover dose-timing study

Cocoa, Blood Pressure, and Vascular Function

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