How do drought and warming influence survival and wood traits of Picea mariana saplings?

Balducci, Lorena; Deslauriers, Annie; Giovannelli, Alessio; Beaulieu, Marilène; Delzon, Sylvain; Rossi, Sergio; Rathgeber, Cyrille

doi:10.1093/jxb/eru431

Cited by 53 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Under stressed conditions, the adaptation of the hydraulic system to drought involved the tree ring morphology. Indeed, under water deficit and warming, lighter value of wood density can reflect a lower carbon allocation for cell wall formation (Balducci et al, )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensatory mechanisms mitigate the effect of warming and drought on wood formation

Balducci

Cuny

Rathgeber

et al. 2016

Plant Cell & Environment

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103

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Because of global warming, high‐latitude ecosystems are expected to experience increases in temperature and drought events. Wood formation will have to adjust to these new climatic constraints to maintain tree mechanical stability and long‐distance water transport. The aim of this study is to understand the dynamic processes involved in wood formation under warming and drought. Xylogenesis, gas exchange, water relations and wood anatomy of black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] saplings were monitored during a greenhouse experiment where temperature was increased during daytime or night‐time (+6 °C) combined with a drought period. The kinetics of tracheid development expressed as rate and duration of the xylogenesis sub‐processes were quantified using generalized additive models. Drought and warming had a strong influence on cell production, but little effect on wood anatomy. The increase in cell production rate under warmer temperatures, and especially during the night‐time warming at the end of the growing season, resulted in wider tree‐rings. However, the strong compensation between rates and durations of cell differentiation processes mitigates warming and drought effects on tree‐ring structure. Our results allowed quantification of how wood formation kinetics is regulated when water and heat stress increase, allowing trees to adapt to future environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compensatory mechanisms mitigate the effect of warming and drought on wood formation

Balducci

Cuny

Rathgeber

et al. 2016

Plant Cell & Environment

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103

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“…Seedlings <10 weeks old maximize water supply to growing tissues (consistent with the critical role of moisture for establishment), but at the cost of greater risk of hydraulic failure at the onset of drought (Miller & Johnson, ). Therefore, seedlings with greater access to moisture tend to have higher survival rates (Balducci et al., ; Rother et al., ). As climate change reduces moisture availability, seedlings that rely on newly established root systems may be at a disadvantage following fire compared to species that resprout and can take advantage of existing root systems.…”

Section: Demographic Filters Determine Postfire Vegetation Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in the climatic tolerance of seedlings from different species further determine their ability to pass through the recruitment filter. For example, spruce seedlings are sensitive to moisture stress, especially in combination with warmer temperatures (Balducci et al., ; Hogg & Schwarz, ), whereas aspen seedlings are sensitive to low soil temperatures (Landhausser & Lieffers, ). Therefore, postfire recruitment of black and white spruce tends to be higher on moister sites, while aspen dominates on warmer sites (Johnstone, Hollingsworth, et al., ; Johnstone, McIntire, et al., ).…”

Section: Demographic Filters Explain Recent Changes and Highlight Feementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, seedlings with greater access to moisture tend to have higher survival rates (Balducci et al, 2015;Rother et al, 2015). As climate change reduces moisture availability, seedlings that rely on newly established root systems may be at a disadvantage following fire compared to species that resprout and can take advantage of existing root systems.…”

Section: Seed Germination Seedling Establishment and Seedling Surmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Increased Fire Frequency and Severity In Boreal Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Climate change indirectly affects forest ecosystems through changes in the frequency, size, and/or severity of wildfires. In addition to its direct effects prior to fire, climate also influences immediate postfire recruitment, with consequences for future vegetation structure and fire activity. A major uncertainty, therefore, is if, when and where vegetation shifts will occur. With an emphasis on species traits, we use a demographic framework to examine how the interaction of changing climate and fire will affect postfire woody vegetation recruitment and the likelihood of vegetation shifts. Each demographic stage – adult mortality, propagule availability, seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling survival – serves as a filter through which a species must pass for establishment and recovery to occur. We apply this framework to case studies in western North American forests, including boreal and southwestern U.S. Pinus ponderosa forests, to help understand the mechanisms behind recent postfire vegetation changes. The case studies highlight how changes in climate and fire properties will make it increasingly difficult for some species to pass through each demographic filter in the future. As climate warming continues, we expect increased dominance of species that resprout following fire, maintain canopy or soil seed banks, have long distance seed dispersal, produce drought‐tolerant seedlings, and/or reach reproductive maturity quickly. The persistence of postfire vegetation shifts will depend the on ratio of recovery time to disturbance interval(s). An advantage of the demographic‐filter framework is that it places emphasis on mechanisms, thus improving our ability to anticipate future vegetation shifts. As such, it highlights the clear need for more mechanistic studies of postfire recruitment to disentangle the relative effects of multiple drivers in postfire environments. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13132/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Climate, soil organic layer, and nitrogen jointly drive forest development after fire in the North American boreal zone

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Previous empirical work has shown that feedbacks between fire severity, soil organic layer thickness, tree recruitment, and forest growth are important factors controlling carbon accumulation after fire disturbance. However, current boreal forest models inadequately simulate this feedback. We address this deficiency by updating the ED2 model to include a dynamic feedback between soil organic layer thickness, tree recruitment, and forest growth. The model is validated against observations spanning monthly to centennial time scales and ranging from Alaska to Quebec. We then quantify differences in forest development after fire disturbance resulting from changes in soil organic layer accumulation, temperature, nitrogen availability, and atmospheric CO 2 . First, we find that ED2 accurately reproduces observations when a dynamic soil organic layer is included. Second, simulations indicate that the presence of a thick soil organic layer after a mild fire disturbance decreases decomposition and productivity. The combination of the biological and physical effects increases or decreases total ecosystem carbon depending on local conditions. Third, with a 48C temperature increase, some forests transition from undergoing succession to needleleaf forests to recruiting multiple cohorts of broadleaf trees, decreasing total ecosystem carbon by $40% after 300 years. However, the presence of a thick soil organic layer due to a persistently mild fire regime can prevent this transition and mediate carbon losses even under warmer temperatures. Fourth, nitrogen availability regulates successional dynamics; broadleaf species are less competitive with needleleaf trees under low nitrogen regimes. Fifth, the boreal forest shows additional short-term capacity for carbon sequestration as atmospheric CO 2 increases.

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How do drought and warming influence survival and wood traits of Picea mariana saplings?

Abstract: HighlightNight and day warming combined with drought affect wood anatomy and survival, reflecting the importance of carbon–water relations for the survival process in Picea mariana saplings.

Cited by 53 publications

References 79 publications

Compensatory mechanisms mitigate the effect of warming and drought on wood formation

Compensatory mechanisms mitigate the effect of warming and drought on wood formation

Anticipating fire‐mediated impacts of climate change using a demographic framework

Climate, soil organic layer, and nitrogen jointly drive forest development after fire in the North American boreal zone

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