How Do Scores on the ADAS-Cog, MMSE, and CDR-SOB Correspond?

Balsis, Steve; Benge, Jared F.; Lowe, Deborah A.; Geraci, Lisa; Doody, Rachelle S.

doi:10.1080/13854046.2015.1119312

Cited by 104 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…e corresponding effect size was medium (Cohen's d � 0.661, 95% CI −0.638 to 1.921). Previous research has shown that MMSE is less precise than CDR-SOB and ADAS-Cog in classifying the severity of cognitive dysfunction [32]. erefore, to overcome the limitations of MMSE for MCI individuals, we also performed a subgroup analysis for ADAS-Cog scores (n � 590, SMD � 0.38, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.55, p < 0.00001, I 2 � 0%, the random-effect model; Figure 2) and CDR-SOB scores (n � 590, SMD � 0.44, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.64, p < 0.0001, I 2 � 27%, the random-effect model; Figure 2).…”

Section: Methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 95%

Tai Chi is Effective in Delaying Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Yang

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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To determine whether Tai Chi (TC) is effective in slowing cognitive decline in older populations with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on Tai Chi and MCI. We searched eight electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Wanfang, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CNKI, EBSCO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) for appropriate RCTs published up to August 2019. For those studies included, the data were extracted, methodological quality was evaluated, and then meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager software (version 5.3). A total of 11 of the studies were available for systematic review, which together included 1061 participants, met the inclusion criteria, and ten of these were included in the meta-analysis. For most RCTs, the methodological quality was moderate. The meta-analysis revealed that Tai Chi could significantly improve global cognitive function; memory and learning; mental speed and attention; ideas, abstraction, figural creations, and mental flexibility; and visuospatial perception. The present review adds to the evidence showing that Tai Chi is potentially beneficial in improving cognitive functions among elderly people with MCI. However, strictly designed and well-reported RCTs are required.

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Section: Methodological Qualitymentioning

confidence: 95%

Tai Chi is Effective in Delaying Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Yang

Zhang

Tang

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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“…The substantial difference between MMSE and ADAS-cog data may be subjected to the dementia severity of patients among studies and the intrinsic variance of the instruments used, comprising various subdomains of cognition. MMSE is a brief screening tool assessing global cognitive impairment, and ADAS-cog score is more precise in exploring the cognitive function than the MMSE scale [ 28 ]. The different instruments used across studies limits the ability to calculate the pooled effect size among studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

et al. 2018

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BackgroundSeveral studies have demonstrated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may have a beneficial effect in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nevertheless, the clinical benefit of rTMS for AD remains inconclusive.ObjectiveThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rTMS in AD.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of rTMS for AD. We calculated pooled estimates of mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The protocol was registered at International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (number CRD42018089990).ResultsFive RCTs involving 148 participants were included in this review. Compared with sham stimulation, high-frequency rTMS led to a significant improvement in cognition as measured by ADAS-cog (MD = -3.65, 95% CI -5.82 to -1.48, p = 0.001), but not MMSE (MD = 0.49, 95% CI -1.45 to 2.42, p = 0.62). High-frequency rTMS also improved the global impression in comparison to the placebo (MD = -0.79, 95% CI -1.24 to -0.34, p = 0.0006). There was no significant difference in mood (MD = -1.36, 95% CI -3.93 to 1.21, p = 0.30) and functional performance (MD = 0.59, 95% CI -1.21 to 2.38, p = 0.52) between high-frequency rTMS and sham groups. Only one trial included low-frequency rTMS reported no significant improvement in cognition, mood and functional performance. Few mild adverse events were observed in both the rTMS and sham groups.ConclusionsRTMS is relatively well tolerated, with some promise for cognitive improvement and global impression in patients with AD. Our findings also indicate the variability between ADAS-cog and MMSE in evaluating global cognitive impairment.

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“…Case classification harmonization across cohorts was performed using the following rubric: cases with CERAD 0-1 and Braak 0-3 without dementia at last evaluation were defined as control (if Braak equals 3, then CERAD must equal 0); cases with CERAD 1-3 and Braak 3-6 without dementia at last evaluation were defined as AsymAD; cases with CERAD 2-3 and Braak 3-6 with dementia at last evaluation were defined as AD. Dementia was defined as MMSE <24, CASI score <81, or CDR ≥1, based on prior comparative study 121 . Mayo and UPenn cases were not included in the case harmonization scheme, and therefore preservation of consensus network modules in these cohorts provides an additional degree of robustness.…”

Section: Brain Tissue Samples and Case Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Consensus Proteomic Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid Reveals Early Changes in Energy Metabolism Associated with Microglia and Astrocyte Activation

Johnson

Dammer

Duong

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Our understanding of the biological changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and cognitive impairment remains incomplete. To increase our understanding of these changes, we analyzed dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of control, asymptomatic AD, and AD brains from four different centers by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry and weighted protein co-expression analysis to obtain a consensus protein co-expression network of AD brain.This network consisted of 13 protein co-expression modules. Six of these modules correlated with amyloid-β plaque burden, tau neurofibrillary tangle burden, cognitive function, and clinical functional status, and were altered in asymptomatic AD, AD, or in both disease states. These modules reflected synaptic, mitochondrial, sugar metabolism, extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal, and RNA binding/splicing biological functions. The identified protein network modules were preserved in a community-based cohort analyzed by a different quantitative mass spectrometry approach. They were also preserved in temporal lobe and precuneus brain regions. Some of the modules were influenced by aging, and showed changes in other neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal dementia and corticobasal degeneration. The module most strongly associated with AD pathology and cognitive impairment was the sugar metabolism module, which was enriched in AD genetic risk factors and correlated with APOE genetic risk. This module was also highly enriched in microglia and astrocyte protein markers associated with an antiinflammatory state, suggesting that the biological functions it represents serve a protective role in AD. Proteins from this module were increased in cerebrospinal fluid from asymptomatic AD and AD cases, highlighting their potential as biomarkers of the altered brain network. In this study of >2000 brains and nearly 400 cerebrospinal fluid samples by quantitative proteomics, we identify proteins and biological processes in AD brain that may serve as therapeutic targets and fluid biomarkers for the disease. IntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of death worldwide, with increasing prevalence as global life expectancy increases 1 . Although AD is currently defined on the basis of amyloid-β plaque and tau neurofibrillary tangle deposition within the neocortex 2 , the biochemical and cellular changes in the brain that characterize the disease beyond amyloid-β and tau deposition remain incompletely understood. The genetic architecture of late-onset AD has been extensively studied, and the results of these studies implicate multiple biological pathways that contribute to development of the disease, including immune function, endocytic vesicle trafficking, and lipid homeostasis, among others 3-5 . In addition to genetic studies, transcriptomic studies on postmortem AD brain tissue have identified changes in mRNA co-expression that correlate with disease traits and cognitive decline 6,7 . However, given that mRNA levels correlate only modestly to protein le...

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How Do Scores on the ADAS-Cog, MMSE, and CDR-SOB Correspond?

Abstract: This study shows how scores on these three popular measures of cognitive dysfunction correspond to each other, which is very useful information for both researchers and clinicians.

Cited by 104 publications

References 9 publications

Tai Chi is Effective in Delaying Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Tai Chi is Effective in Delaying Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

A Consensus Proteomic Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid Reveals Early Changes in Energy Metabolism Associated with Microglia and Astrocyte Activation

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