How Do Things Look to the Color-Blind?

Hilbert, David; Byrne, Alex

doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262013857.003.0012

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A neutral description of color-blind perception would be in terms of the impairment of discrimination in various regions of the wavelength range. As is patent from the discussion in Byrne and Hilbert (2010), the question ''how do things look to the color blind?'' is a particularly intricate one, and too often it has been approached with the ready assumption of the opponent red-green and yellow-blue perceptual channels.…”

Section: Simultaneous Contrastmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Myth of Unique Hues

Ocelák

2014

Topoi

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The paper examines the notion, widespread in the contemporary color science, that there are certain hues, specifically focal red, yellow, green and blue (RYGB), that are unique or privileged in human prelinguistic color perception, all other chromatic hues being perceptually composed of these. I successively consider and reject all motivations that have been provided for this opinion; namely the linguistic (unique hues as referents of necessary and sufficient color descriptors), ''phenomenological'' (unique hues as phenomenologically pure color experiences), and some minor or historical motivations. I conclude that, contrary to the standard opinion, there is no solid reason to claim that the RYGB hues are unique among colors in a sense that would allow for direct neurophysiological explanation. The notion also has no relevance for the construction of perceptual color spaces and is not defensible as an explanatory principle with respect to the existing crosslinguistic patterns of color categorization.

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Section: Simultaneous Contrastmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Myth of Unique Hues

Ocelák

2014

Topoi

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“…It is tempting to think that dichromats would always designate pseudo‐metameric pairs with the same term. But, as Byrne and Hilbert indicated: “the color‐blind learn native languages in their entirety, not some subset with the terms corresponding to their deficit subtracted.” That is, the social environment presses dichromats to use different BCTs to name stimuli that are indiscriminable for them. This social pressure invites them to try to discover some basis for assigning different terms to the pseudo‐metameric pair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of basic color terms by red–green dichromats: 1. General description

Lillo

Moreira

Álvaro

et al. 2013

Color Research & Application

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In this article we present data comparing red–green dichromats' use of “Basic Color Terms” (BCTs) with that of standard trichromats. In a complementary article (Color Res Appl 2013) we use these data to evaluate two models of the mechanisms underlying dichromats' use of BCTs. There were three groups of observers—trichromats, protanopes, and deuteranopes—that each performed two tasks: “mapping” (which of these are exemplars of X?) and “best exemplar” (which is the best instance of X?), where X took the value of each Spanish BCT. The mapping task results were subjected to multidimensional scaling that revealed that dichromats differ from trichromats in the number and nature of the dimensions needed for describing BCTs' use. Trichromats required three dimensions closely related to the opponent color mechanisms (red–green, yellow–blue) and the light‐dark channel. In contrast, tridimensional solution for dichromats was difficult to interpret, whereas the fit for the bidimensional solution was very good and revealed a chromatic dimension, which did not match any of the trichromatic dimensions, and an achromatic one. There were also some error‐asymmetries (sometimes “A” was the predominant error when choosing exemplars of “B”, but not vice versa) and the groups differed in the frequency of use of some BCTs (e.g., protanopes chose more stimuli as orange than trichromats and deuteranopes). As expected, the best exemplar task produced more correct responses than the mapping task, and for both tasks, “primary” BCTs (black, white, red, green, yellow, and blue) produced better results than “derived” ones (brown, purple, orange, pink, and grey). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 360–371, 2014

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“…Model A is a variant of the so‐called “reduction view” . This is based on the following two assumptions: (1) Dichromats only see a subset of the colors experienced by normal trichromats; (2) there are pseudo‐metameric groups of stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of basic color terms by red–green dichromats. II. Models

Moreira

Lillo

Álvaro

et al. 2013

Color Research & Application

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In our companion article (Color Res Appl 2013) we compared the use of Basic Color Terms (BCTs) by normal trichromats, protanopes, and deuteranopes in a mapping (which colors are instances of X?) and best exemplar (which is the best X?) tasks. In this article, we describe and compare two alternative models of the mechanisms underlying the use of Basic Color Terms (BCTs) by red–green dichromats and we focus on how well they fit the empirical data described in the companion article. Model A assumes that BCT use is based on the activity of the yellow–blue and lightness channels, whereas Model B also assumes that there is some degree of input from the red–green channel. Model B was more accurate than Model A in predicting: (1) The frequency of use of BCTs. (2) The distribution of correct responses for many BCTs in both tasks. (3) The distribution of correct responses and kind of errors for many BCTs. (4) The locations of the centroids for both tasks. We conclude that activity in a“residual” red–green channel influences the use of BCTs by R‐G dichromats, as well as the activity of the yellow–blue and lightness channels. The asymmetry of errors for some pairs of BCTs and the differences between primary and derived BCTs are also discussed. This article, in combination with its complementary one (Color Res Appl 2013), provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of how R‐G dichromats use BCTs to categorize surface colors and can integrate and explain some of the results and conclusions obtained in earlier research. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 372–386, 2014

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How Do Things Look to the Color-Blind?

Cited by 17 publications

References 41 publications

The Myth of Unique Hues

The Myth of Unique Hues

Use of basic color terms by red–green dichromats: 1. General description

Use of basic color terms by red–green dichromats. II. Models

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