How does high-intensity intermittent training affect recreational endurance runners? Acute and chronic adaptations: A systematic review

Abstract

ObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to critically analyze the literature to determine how high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) affects recreational endurance runners in the short- and long-term.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for literature dating from January 2000 to October 2015. The search was conducted using the key words “high-intensity intermittent training” or “high-intensity interval exercise” or “interval running” or “sprint interval training” and “endurance runners” or “long distance runners”. A systematic approach was used to evaluate the 783 articles identified for initial review. Studies were included if they investigated HIIT in recreational endurance runners. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale (for intervention studies) and the modified Downs and Black Quality Index (for cross-sectional studies).ResultsTwenty-three studies met the inclusionary criteria for review. The results are presented in 2 parts: cross-sectional (n = 15) and intervention studies (n = 8). In the 15 cross-sectional studies selected, endurance runners performed at least 1 HIIT protocol, and the acute impact on physiological, neuromuscular, metabolic and/or biomechanical variables was assessed. Intervention studies lasted a minimum of 4 weeks, with 10 weeks being the longest intervention period, and included 2 to 4 HIIT sessions per week. Most of these studies combined HIIT sessions with continuous run (CR) sessions; 2 studies' subjects performed HIIT exclusively.ConclusionHIIT-based running plans (2 to 3 HIIT sessions per week, combining HIIT and CR runs) show athletic performance improvements in endurance runners by improving maximal oxygen uptake and running economy along with muscular and metabolic adaptations. To maximize the adaptations to training, both HIIT and CR must be part of training programs for endurance runners.

Barriers in Access to Dental Services Hindering the Treatment of People with Disabilities: A Systematic Review

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Factors Affecting Training and Physical Performance in Recreational Endurance Runners

“…Bradbury et al found that linear and reverse linear periodization generated greater improvements in endurance performance, RE, and VO 2 max in recreational runners than nonperiodized progression of training load [44]. Further, when considering previous studies including the use of HIIT and SIT in recreational runners, it may be suggested that, during the training period, recreational runners should adopt a linear periodization when using HIIT (from high to low volume and from low to high intensity) and a reverse linear periodization when using SIT in order to increase performance [10,14,16,18,45], following the principle of progressive overload. In addition, a general recommendation from our practical experience would be that either block or linear periodization may fit better with short or moderate distances (21 km or shorter), while performance in marathons and longer events would probably benefit from reverse periodization.…”

Relationship between Classic Physiological Variables and Running Performance in Recreational Runners

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