How does temperature affect behaviour? Multilevel analysis of plasticity, personality and predictability in hermit crabs

Briffa, Mark; Bridger, Danielle; Biro, Peter A.

doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.04.009

Cited by 144 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…During the experiment, we did not collect dish-specific temperatures. However, we did assess temperature variation across the approximately 1.5 m length of bench space over which dishes were distributed and found no significant variation in temperature across this space [3].…”

Section: Materials and Methods (A) Collection Of Animals And Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, animal personality, frequently quantified by calculating repeatability estimates, is dependent upon two of the levels described above; relatively high levels of amongindividual variance coupled with relatively low levels of within individual variance [12]. Even when environments are consistent across individuals, we may still see among-individual differences in IIV [2,3,[8][9][10][11]13]. In order to fully understand the causes and consequences of animal personality, attention should therefore be paid to both of these levels of variation that contribute to the observed personality effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Briffa et al [3] described six categories of behavioural variation but again arrived at residual variation within individuals as the finest level of behavioural organization. This fine scale residual variation [4] has also been described as consistency [5], stability [6,7] and recently as predictability and intraindividual variation (hereafter IIV) [3,[8][9][10][11]. Although such hierarchies represent a useful framework for discussing the structure of behavioural variation, the levels are not isolated from one another.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, we might determine what environmental parameters contribute to animal personality, and under what conditions the personality effect tends to be eroded or promoted [3,19,20]. Indeed, plasticity can be demonstrated in both mean level responses and in IIV, so both components have the potential to vary among environments [3,9,13]. Another approach is to determine what other traits covary with personality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we may look directly or indirectly [14] at the heritability [15] and fitness consequences [16][17][18] of personality variation. Second, we might determine what environmental parameters contribute to animal personality, and under what conditions the personality effect tends to be eroded or promoted [3,19,20]. Indeed, plasticity can be demonstrated in both mean level responses and in IIV, so both components have the potential to vary among environments [3,9,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual quality and personality: bolder males are less fecund in the hermit crabPagurus bernhardus

2015

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One explanation for animal personality is that different behavioural types derive from different life-history strategies. Highly productive individuals, with high growth rates and high fecundity, are assumed to live life at a fast pace showing high levels of boldness and risk taking, compared with less productive individuals. Here, we investigate among-individual differences in mean boldness (the inverse of the latency to recover from a startling stimulus) and in the consistency of boldness, in male hermit crabs in relation to two aspects of life-history investment. We assessed aerobic scope by measuring the concentration of the respiratory pigment haemocyanin, and we assessed fecundity by measuring spermatophore size. First, we found that individuals investing in large spermatophores also had high concentrations of haemocyanin. Using doubly hierarchical-generalized linear models to analyse longitudinal data on startle responses, we show that hermit crabs vary both in their mean response durations and in the consistency of their behaviour. Individual consistency was unrelated to haemocyanin concentration or spermatophore size, but mean startle response duration increased with spermatophore size. Thus, counter to expectations, it was the most risk-averse individuals, rather than the boldest and most risk prone, that were the most productive. We suggest that similar patterns should be present in other species, if the most productive individuals avoid risky behaviour.

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Section: Materials and Methods (A) Collection Of Animals And Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual quality and personality: bolder males are less fecund in the hermit crabPagurus bernhardus

2015

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No personality without experience? A test onRana dalmatinatadpoles

Urszán

Garamszegi

Nagy

et al. 2015

Ecology and Evolution

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While the number of studies reporting the presence of individual behavioral consistency (animal personality, behavioral syndrome) has boomed in the recent years, there is still much controversy about the proximate and ultimate mechanisms resulting in the phenomenon. For instance, direct environmental effects during ontogeny (phenotypic plasticity) as the proximate mechanism behind the emergence of consistent individual differences in behavior are usually overlooked compared to environmental effects operating across generations (genetic adaptation). Here, we tested the effects of sociality and perceived predation risk during ontogeny on the strength of behavioral consistency in agile frog (Rana dalmatina) tadpoles in a factorial common garden experiment. Tadpoles reared alone and without predatory cues showed zero repeatability within (i.e., lack of personality) and zero correlation between (i.e., lack of syndrome) activity and risk‐taking. On the other hand, cues from predators alone induced both activity and risk‐taking personalities, while cues from predators and conspecifics together resulted in an activity – risk‐taking behavioral syndrome. Our results show that individual experience has an unequivocal role in the emergence of behavioral consistency. In this particular case, the development of behavioral consistency was most likely the result of genotype × environment interactions, or with other words, individual variation in behavioral plasticity.

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Predicting potential distribution of poorly known species with small database: the case of four‐horned antelopeTetracerus quadricornison the Indian subcontinent

Pokharel

Ludwig

Storch

2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Information gaps on the distribution of data deficient and rare species such as four‐horned antelope (FHA) in Nepal may impair their conservation. We aimed to empirically predict the distribution of FHA in Nepal with the help of data from the Indian subcontinent. Additionally, we wanted to identify core areas and gaps within the reported range limits and to assess the degree of isolation of known Nepalese populations from the main distribution areas in India. The tropical part of the Indian subcontinent (65°–90° eastern longitude, 5°–30° northern latitude), that is, the areas south of the Himalayan Mountains. Using MaxEnt and accounting for sampling bias, we developed predictive distribution models from environmental and topographical variables, and known presence locations of the study species in India and Nepal. We address and discuss the use of target group vs. random background. The prediction map reveals a disjunct distribution of FHA with core areas in the tropical parts of central to southern–western India. At the scale of the Indian subcontinent, suitable FHA habitat area in Nepal was small. The Indo‐Gangetic Plain isolates Nepalese from the Indian FHA populations, but the distribution area extends further south than proposed by the current IUCN map. A low to intermediate temperature seasonality as well as low precipitation during the dry and warm season contributed most to the prediction of FHA distribution. The predicted distribution maps confirm other FHA range maps but also indicate that suitable areas exist south of the known range. Results further highlight that small populations in the Nepalese Terai Arc are isolated from the Indian core distribution and therefore might be under high extinction risk.

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How does temperature affect behaviour? Multilevel analysis of plasticity, personality and predictability in hermit crabs

Cited by 144 publications

References 54 publications

Individual quality and personality: bolder males are less fecund in the hermit crabPagurus bernhardus

Individual quality and personality: bolder males are less fecund in the hermit crabPagurus bernhardus

No personality without experience? A test onRana dalmatinatadpoles

Predicting potential distribution of poorly known species with small database: the case of four‐horned antelopeTetracerus quadricornison the Indian subcontinent

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