How does the early life environment influence the oral microbiome and determine oral health outcomes in childhood?

Adler, Christina; Cao, Kim‐Anh Lê; Hughes, Toby; Kumar, Piyush; Austin, Christine

doi:10.1002/bies.202000314

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…It was reasonable that the number of OTUs in the N1h group (only the babies in the N1h group were named the newborns in our study) was the highest among the groups. As the body site was the primary determinant of the community of the microbiome, many bacteria could only transiently survive in the oral cavity ( Adler et al, 2021 ). For example, one study collecting the tongue microbiome of neonates from birth up to 3 days postpartum found that the composition of the tongue microbiome obviously changed and that many bacteria originating from the vagina, skin, and environment disappeared in the oral cavity over time ( Ferretti et al, 2018 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamic communities of oral microbiome in neonates

Guo

Yao

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The oral microbiome, associated with both oral disease and systemic disease, is in dynamic status along the whole life, and many factors including maternal microbiomes could impact the oral microbiome. While fewer studies have been conducted to study the characteristics of the oral microbiome in neonates and the associated maternal factors. Hence, we collected the microbiome of 15 mother-infant pairs across multiple body sites from birth up to 4 days postpartum and used high-throughput sequencing to characterize the microbiomes in mothers and their neonates. The oral microbiome in the neonates changed obviously during the 4 days after birth. Many bacteria originating from the vagina, skin, and environment disappeared in oral cavity over time, such as Prevotella bivia and Prevotella jejuni. Meanwhile, Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A phage SP-beta, predominate bacterium in maternal skin microbiome and Streptococcus unclassified, main bacterium in vaginal microbiome, obviously increased in neonatal oral microbiome as time went on. Interestingly, as time progressed, the composition of the oral microbiome in the neonates was more similar to that of the milk microbiome in their mothers. Moreover, we found that the changes in the predominant bacteria in the neonates were in line with those in the neonates exposed to the environment. Together, these data described the sharp dynamics of the oral microbiome in neonates and the importance of maternal efforts in the development of the neonatal microbiome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamic communities of oral microbiome in neonates

Guo

Yao

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The pathogenesis of S-ECC is multifactorial, involving the development of cariogenic microbiota, host susceptibility, and environmental factors, especially behaviors related to the consumption of sugars [ 40 – 42 ] The microbial etiology of S-ECC has been framed by the longstanding dogma that S. mutans is a keystone species for disease development [ 41 – 43 ]. Recently, numerous clinical [ 21 , 29 , 44 – 47 ] and animal studies [ 4 , 6 , 7 ] have demonstrated an association between S-ECC and the co-infection with S. mutans and fungus C. albicans along with an increase in S-ECC severity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of cariogenic pathogens to complex oral microflora drives significant changes in biofilm compositions and functionalities

et al. 2023

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Background Dental caries is a microbe and sugar-mediated biofilm-dependent oral disease. Of particular significance, a virulent type of dental caries, known as severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), is characterized by the synergistic polymicrobial interaction between the cariogenic bacterium, Streptococcus mutans, and an opportunistic fungal pathogen, Candida albicans. Although cross-sectional studies reveal their important roles in caries development, these exhibit limitations in determining the significance of these microbial interactions in the pathogenesis of the disease. Thus, it remains unclear the mechanism(s) through which the cross-kingdom interaction modulates the composition of the plaque microbiome. Here, we employed a novel ex vivo saliva-derived microcosm biofilm model to assess how exogenous pathogens could impact the structural and functional characteristics of the indigenous native oral microbiota. Results Through shotgun whole metagenome sequencing, we observed that saliva-derived biofilm has decreased richness and diversity but increased sugar-related metabolism relative to the planktonic phase. Addition of S. mutans and/or C. albicans to the native microbiome drove significant changes in its bacterial composition. In addition, the effect of the exogenous pathogens on microbiome diversity and taxonomic abundances varied depending on the sugar type. While the addition of S. mutans induced a broader effect on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) ortholog abundances with glucose/fructose, S. mutans-C. albicans combination under sucrose conditions triggered unique and specific changes in microbiota composition/diversity as well as specific effects on KEGG pathways. Finally, we observed the presence of human epithelial cells within the biofilms via confocal microscopy imaging. Conclusions Our data revealed that the presence of S. mutans and C. albicans, alone or in combination, as well as the addition of different sugars, induced unique alterations in both the composition and functional attributes of the biofilms. In particular, the combination of S. mutans and C. albicans seemed to drive the development (and perhaps the severity) of a dysbiotic/cariogenic oral microbiome. Our work provides a unique and pragmatic biofilm model for investigating the functional microbiome in health and disease as well as developing strategies to modulate the microbiome.

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“…Oral health is influenced by myriad factors, including oral hygiene practices [56], diet [57][58][59], socioeconomic status [60,61], and environmental exposures [62]. Environmental factors, such as air and noise pollution, negatively impact oral health outcomes [63][64][65].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonization of Transport and Oral Health

Foláyan

Tantawi

2023

BioMed

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The decarbonization of transport is a global initiative aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the risks of global warming. This article explores the potential connections between the decarbonization of transport and oral health, highlighting the need for further research in this area. Emissions from vehicle exhausts, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, may have a modest impact on the risk of early childhood caries and other oral health diseases like periodontal diseases, oral cancer, and dental caries. Active transportation, which promotes regular exercise, has beneficial effects on overall health, including stimulating salivary protein production and reducing the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, both of which are linked to poor oral health. Transitioning to electric vehicles can also reduce noise pollution, positively impacting mental well-being, which is associated with improved oral hygiene practices. Furthermore, the development of sustainable infrastructure, including efficient public transportation systems, can enhance access to dental services. Further research is needed to establish stronger evidence for these connections and to explore how the global decarbonization of transport agenda can incorporate oral health considerations.

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How does the early life environment influence the oral microbiome and determine oral health outcomes in childhood?

Cited by 11 publications

References 136 publications

The dynamic communities of oral microbiome in neonates

The dynamic communities of oral microbiome in neonates

Addition of cariogenic pathogens to complex oral microflora drives significant changes in biofilm compositions and functionalities

Decarbonization of Transport and Oral Health

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