How does the ICT Access and Usage Influence Student Achievement in PISA 2009 and 2012?

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of access and usage of information and communication technologies (ICT) on Turkish students' mathematics achievement implemented in PISA 2009 and PISA 2012. A correlational research model was used in this study. In this study, the data which were obtained from the PISA 2009 and PISA 2012 mathematics achievement tests and from the information and communications technologies familiarity questionnaire (ICTFQ) in Turkey were used. In this study, three student level variables and two school variables of ICTFQ which are common indexes both in PISA 2009 and PISA 2012 were selected to compare the effect of ICT variables on PISA mathematics achievement implemented in different years. Two-level Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) analysis was performed in the analysis of the data. As a result, the student level variables had a small or a trivial effect on mathematics achievement.