How fast is the carousel? Direct indices of species mobility with examples from an Oklahoma grassland

Palmer, Michael W.; Rusch, Graciela M.

doi:10.2307/3236844

Cited by 53 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Other things being equal, trees are therefore more likely to be recorded as absent from a suitable habitat patch than are smaller understorey plants. Species may rotate between suitable microsites, such that the cumulative species lists of all microsites with similar environmental properties tend to converge over time (van der Maarel & Sykes 1993; Palmer & Rusch 2001). However, this assumes environmental conditions are sufficiently constant in time (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the degree of environmental control on large and small tropical plants: just a sampling effect?

2008

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Summary 1.Tropical rain forest tree species are commonly perceived to have more generalized habitat distributions than understorey species. However, the correspondence between floristic patterns in large trees and smaller understorey plants in relation to environmental differences has rarely been investigated. Comparative analyses are complicated by the fact that tree data are often much more noisy, with higher overall species richness and poorer spatial and temporal representation of species composition within sampling plots. 2. Using data on trees and pteridophytes collected in 1125 plots located within 6 km 2 of lowland rain forest in Costa Rica, we asked: (i) Is there evidence that trees are more generalized in their edaphic and topographic distributions than pteridophytes, and (ii) How much might differences in sampling efficiency affect the results? 3. We ran community-level analyses using Mantel tests, and for the five most frequent tree and pteridophyte species we ran logistic regression analyses of species occurrence. To investigate the influence of differing sampling efficiency, the analyses were repeated with four rarefied pteridophyte data sets approximating key structural features of the tree data set. 4. Differences in community composition in trees and in all pteridophyte data sets were most strongly correlated with environmental differences in the same five soil variables. The most frequent species in both plant groups had non-random edaphic and topographic distributions. 5. Both Mantel correlations and the predictive performance of single species models (AUC values) were higher for the full pteridophyte data set than for trees, but these differences were much reduced after pteridophyte rarefaction. 6. The performance of the species occurrence models calibrated with rarefied pteridophyte data appeared poor when tested on rarefied data. However, their performance in predicting occurrences in the full data set was usually moderate (AUC > 0.70). This suggests that the tree species models may also predict species' potential habitat distributions better than is apparent from their AUC values. 7. Synthesis . Our results indicate that rain forest trees and pteridophytes may respond to mesoscale environmental variation in qualitatively similar ways, but that trees will appear much more generalized in their response to the environment unless differences in sampling efficiency are taken into account.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the degree of environmental control on large and small tropical plants: just a sampling effect?

2008

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“…In fact, the conceptually related carousel model (van der Maarel & Sykes 1993) maintains that random turnover in species composition is observed at small spatial scales over short time intervals, but over longer time intervals the cumulative species list for each microsite converges towards the habitat‐specific species pool as the species rotate between microsites. The carousel model thus emphasizes recurrent patterns, and it has successfully (and, apparently, without major controversies) been applied to herbaceous plant communities in temperate areas (Palmer & Rusch 2001 and references cited therein). It may well be that such a carousel would become evident from the apparently random dynamics of tropical tree communities, if a large enough number of trees were observed for a long enough time period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floristic patterns along a 43‐km long transect in an Amazonian rain forest

et al. 2003

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Summary 1The floristic variation in Amazonian lowland forests is poorly understood, especially in the large areas of non-inundated (tierra firme) rain forest. Species composition may be either unpredictable as abundances fluctuate in a random walk, more-or-less uniform, or it may correspond to environmental heterogeneity. 2 We tested the three hypotheses by studying the floristic variation of two phylogenetically distant plant groups along a continuous 43-km long line transect that crossed tierra firme rain forest in northern Peru. 3 The observed floristic patterns were compared to patterns in the spectral reflectance characteristics of the forest as recorded in a Landsat TM satellite image. The topography of the transect was measured in the field, and surface soil samples were collected to document edaphic conditions. The two plant groups, pteridophytes and the Melastomataceae, were assessed in 2-m wide and 500-m long sampling units. 4 Floristic similarity (Jaccard index) between sampling units ranged from 0.01 to 0.71 (mean = 0.27), showing that some units were almost completely dissimilar while others were very alike. 5 Spatially constrained clustering produced very similar subdivisions of the transect when based separately on satellite image data, pteriophytes, and Melastomataceae, and the subdivisions were also related to topography and soil characteristics. Mantel tests showed that floristic similarity patterns of the two plant groups were highly correlated with each other and with similarities in reflectance patterns of the satellite image, and somewhat less correlated with geographical distance. 6 Our results lend no support to the uniformity hypothesis, but they partially support the random walk model, and are consistent with the hypothesis that species segregate edaphically at the landscape scale within the uniform-looking forest.

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“…In the neutral case, the species that fills an available space is completely stochastic due to sampling from a species pool of the community, and is limited only by propagule availability (Hubbell et al 1999, Dalling et al 2002). Alternatively, the replacement process may be non‐random with several possible types of constraints or assembly rules (Watt 1947, Wilson and Roxburgh 1994, Wilson 1995, Palmer and Rusch 2001, Law et al 2009 for different types of constraints on the replacement process). Consequently, if the replacement pattern is non‐random, the role of species in the replacement process is an important criterion that divides the community into separate functional groups.…”

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Mutual replacement of species in space in a grassland community: is there an evidence for functional complementarity of replacement groups?

Herben

Březina

Hadincová

et al. 2012

Oikos

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Many plant communities show strong fine‐scale spatiotemporal dynamics due to frequent natality and mortality events. This process is often non‐random, implying that the community can be broken into groups within which species mutually replace each other in time and are distinct from the other such groups. We examined whether such groups fill separate niches and are functionally complementary in a species‐rich mountain grassland. We used cluster analysis of fine‐scale spatial data time series to discern which species were more likely to replace each other in space. Next, a four‐year removal experiment (removing one group in each experimental treatment, or similar amount of biomass across all groups) was used to determine whether simultaneous occurrence of all these groups would maintain a greater total biomass than if an entire group were eliminated. The results do not support the hypothesis that the simultaneous presence of groups of species that replace each other in space is necessary for the community to attain its maximum biomass. However, the experiment showed strong differences among the replacement groups in their capacity for opportunistic behaviour: some groups responded quickly to space made available by removal while others did not. Furthermore, there were strong differences between groups composed primarily of grasses and groups composed primarily of dicots. In spite of the large differences among these groups, they are not functionally complementary. We therefore conclude that replacement processes in this grassland community more closely resemble a neutral process with sets of species differing in the speed at which they fill empty spaces.

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How fast is the carousel? Direct indices of species mobility with examples from an Oklahoma grassland

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Differences in the degree of environmental control on large and small tropical plants: just a sampling effect?

Differences in the degree of environmental control on large and small tropical plants: just a sampling effect?

Floristic patterns along a 43‐km long transect in an Amazonian rain forest

Mutual replacement of species in space in a grassland community: is there an evidence for functional complementarity of replacement groups?

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