“…Secondly, there is no consensus on the level of influence of mobile learning on academic achievement. Some researchers have demonstrated that the effect of mobile learning on students can reach a higher level (e.g., Hao et al, 2021; Lin & Lin, 2019; Shi & Kopcha, 2022; Talan, 2020), and other studies indicated that mobile learning only has a medium effect on students’ academic achievement (e.g., Güler et al, 2022; Kärchner et al, 2022; Swanson et al, 2020), however, a small number of studies showed that mobile learning had little impact on students’ academic achievement, only combined effect size of .16 (Zheng et al, 2016), which was far lower than the impact effect found by other researchers.…”