How Human Electrophysiology Informs Psychopharmacology: from Bottom-up Driven Processing to Top-Down Control

Kenemans, J. Leon; Kähkönen, Seppo

doi:10.1038/npp.2010.157

Cited by 96 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 197 publications

(186 reference statements)

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“…However, an important exception was found for P3b latency. The P3b potential reflects target detection and is a cortical correlate of attention to behaviorally relevant stimuli, with latency indicating an upper bound on stimulus classification [Kenemans & K€ ahk€ onen, 2011;Polich, 2007]. Increasing PL is expected to attenuate potentials affected by attention capacity and perceptual demands in accordance with load theory [Lavie, 1995].…”

Section: Top-down Control and Perceptual Capacitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Atypical sensory reactivity influences auditory attentional control in adults with autism spectrum disorders

Karhson

Golob

2016

Autism Research

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Frequent observations of atypical sensory reactivity in people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) suggest that the perceptual experience of those on the Spectrum is dissimilar to neurotypicals. Moreover, variable attention abilities in people with ASD, ranging from good control to periods of high distractibility, may be related to atypical sensory reactivity. This study used auditory event-related potential (ERP) measures to evaluate top-down and bottom-up attentional processes as a function of perceptual load, and examined these factors with respect to sensory reactivity. Twenty-five age and IQ-matched participants (ASD: 22.5 year, SD = 4.1 year; Controls: 22.8 year, SD = 5.1 year) completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile prior to performing a modified 3-stimulus (target, non-target, and distractor) auditory oddball target detection task EEG was recorded during task completion. ERP analysis assessed early sensory processing (P50, ∼50 ms latency; N100, ∼100 ms latency), cognitive control (N200, ∼200 ms latency), and attentional processing (P3a and P3b, ∼300 ms latency). Behavioral data demonstrates participants with ASD and neurotypical performed similarly on auditory target detection, but diverged on sensory profiles. Target ERP measures associated with top-down control (P3b latency) significantly increased under greater load in controls, but not in participants with ASD. Early ERP responses associated with bottom-up attention (P50 amplitude) were positively correlated to increased sensory sensitivity. Findings suggest specific neural mechanisms for increased perceptual capacity and enhanced bottom-up processing of sensory stimuli in people with autism. Results from participants with ASD are consistent with load theory and enhanced perceptual functioning. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1079-1092. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Top-down Control and Perceptual Capacitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Atypical sensory reactivity influences auditory attentional control in adults with autism spectrum disorders

Karhson

Golob

2016

Autism Research

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“…50 A number of studies have shown that conflict-or errorrelated evoked potentials are positively modulated by dopaminergic neurotransmission (reviewed in ref. 51 ). There are also reports that these potentials are modulated by a common serotonin transporter polymorphism-to anxiety-related individual differences and clinical phenotypes of anxiety and depression, however, these results have been more mixed.…”

Section: Pharmacology and Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CNTRICS Imaging Biomarker Selections: Executive Control Paradigms

Carter¹,

Minzenberg²,

West³

et al. 2011

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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“…Neuropatholological and neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia have shown alterations in DA D 2 receptor (D 2 R) signaling in the striatum, reflected as an elevation both in presynaptic striatal DA synthesis, and density and occupancy of striatal D 2 Rs (Howes and Kapur, 2009), with the latter appearing to be genetically determined in a subpopulation of patients (Allen et al, 2008). Conspicuously, acute challenges with DA augmenting agents have exerted mixed effects on S 1 and S 2 amplitudes and gating (Kenemans and Kähkönen, 2011). Although haloperidol, a D 2 R antagonist, has been shown to normalize amphetamine-induced selective gating deficits in rodents (Stevens and Wear, 1997), treatment of schizophrenia with haloperidol and other conventional or 'typical' antipsychotics has increased S 1 -and S 2 -P50 without improving sensory gating (Freedman et al, 1983;Baker et al, 1987;Adler et al, 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

The moderating role of the dopamine transporter 1 gene on P50 sensory gating and its modulation by nicotine

et al. 2011

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Although schizophrenia has been considered primarily a disease of dopaminergic neurotransmission, the role of dopamine in auditory sensory gating deficits in this disorder and their amelioration by smoking/nicotine is unclear. Hypothesizing that individual differences in striatal dopamine levels may moderate auditory gating and its modulation by nicotine, this preliminary study used the mid-latency (P50) auditory event-related potential (ERP) to examine the single dose (6 mg) effects of nicotine (vs. placebo) gum on sensory gating in 24 healthy nonsmokers varying in the genetic expression of the dopamine transporter (DAT). Consistent with an inverted-U relationship between dopamine level and the drug effects, individuals carrying the 9R (lower gene expression) allele, which is related to greater striatal dopamine levels, tended to evidence increased baseline gating compared to 10R (higher gene expression) allele carriers and showed a reduction in gating with acute nicotine. The present results may help to understand the link between excessive smoking and sensory gating deficits in schizophrenia and to explain the potential functional implications of genetic disposition on nicotinic treatment in schizophrenia. Keywords schizophrenia; P50; gating; dopamine transporter gene; nicotine; smoking Early theoretical models of information processing in schizophrenia postulated impairment in the preattentive, automatic processing of sensory input to be a contributing factor in the appearance of psychotic symptoms, perceptual disturbances, and various cognitive deficits that characterize this disorder (Venables, 1964). Meta-analyses and reviews of event-related potential (ERP) studies probing auditory sensory gating in a paired stimulus paradigm (involving the presentation two [ CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscriptfound that ~90% of patients with schizophrenia as well as ~50% of their first-degree relatives exhibit insufficient inhibitory processing of repetitive, irrelevant acoustic stimuli (Bramon et al., 2004;De Wilde et al., 2007;Patterson et al., 2008). Typically assessed with the amplitude of the early (50 ms) positive ERP component, P50, abnormal auditory sensory gating has been evidenced by a relative inability to suppress P50 to S 2 , and is expressed by larger S 2 /S 1 ratio (rP50) and/or smaller S 1 minus S 2 difference (dP50) scores.Smoking and acute nicotine have transiently corrected deficient P50 processing in schizophrenia patients and their relatives, respectively (Adler et al., 1992(Adler et al., , 1993. In addition, in a rodent model of schizophrenia-like gating deficiency, studies assessing the P20-N40 ERP, which is an analogue of the human P50, have shown agonists and antagonists of the α7 nicotinic receptor to improve deficient S 2 inhibition and to block normal S 2 inhibition, respectively (Stevens et al., 1998(Stevens et al., , 1999Simosky et al., 2001). Other studies reporting gating improvements with nicotine in rodents and humans, however, have found increa...

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How Human Electrophysiology Informs Psychopharmacology: from Bottom-up Driven Processing to Top-Down Control

Cited by 96 publications

References 197 publications

Atypical sensory reactivity influences auditory attentional control in adults with autism spectrum disorders

Atypical sensory reactivity influences auditory attentional control in adults with autism spectrum disorders

CNTRICS Imaging Biomarker Selections: Executive Control Paradigms

The moderating role of the dopamine transporter 1 gene on P50 sensory gating and its modulation by nicotine

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