How is Political Violence Gendered? Disentangling Motives, Forms, and Impacts

Bardall, Gabrielle; Bjarnegård, Elin; Piscopo, Jennifer M.

doi:10.1177/0032321719881812

Cited by 82 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The causes and solutions to the underrepresentation of women in society in general and in news articles in particular are too complex to discuss in this paper (but see [ 29 – 33 ]). We focus here on the first step in any attempt at change: an accurate characterization of the current situation.…”

Section: Introduction: the Gender Gap In Media And In Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gender Gap Tracker: Using Natural Language Processing to measure gender bias in media

et al. 2021

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We examine gender bias in media by tallying the number of men and women quoted in news text, using the Gender Gap Tracker, a software system we developed specifically for this purpose. The Gender Gap Tracker downloads and analyzes the online daily publication of seven English-language Canadian news outlets and enhances the data with multiple layers of linguistic information. We describe the Natural Language Processing technology behind this system, the curation of off-the-shelf tools and resources that we used to build it, and the parts that we developed. We evaluate the system in each language processing task and report errors using real-world examples. Finally, by applying the Tracker to the data, we provide valuable insights about the proportion of people mentioned and quoted, by gender, news organization, and author gender. Data collected between October 1, 2018 and September 30, 2020 shows that, in general, men are quoted about three times as frequently as women. While this proportion varies across news outlets and time intervals, the general pattern is consistent. We believe that, in a world with about 50% women, this should not be the case. Although journalists naturally need to quote newsmakers who are men, they also have a certain amount of control over who they approach as sources. The Gender Gap Tracker relies on the same principles as fitness or goal-setting trackers: By quantifying and measuring regular progress, we hope to motivate news organizations to provide a more diverse set of voices in their reporting.

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Section: Introduction: the Gender Gap In Media And In Societymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gender Gap Tracker: Using Natural Language Processing to measure gender bias in media

et al. 2021

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“…This type of approach blends "old" and "new" aspects of political theory, comparative politics, and research methodology to help researchers uncover critical areas in need of clarification or correction during the initial research design steps of concept formation and operationalization in their own studies, in evaluations of others' research during the peer review process, and in assessments of existing studies. This article's pursuit of and contribution to conceptual precision is similar to Bardall et al (2019) who connect comparative politics scholarship from gender and politics with the literature on political violence from international relations and argue that "a gender perspective reveals how discrete incidences of political violence can be gendered in their motive, form, and impact" (p. 16).…”

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confidence: 86%

Resistance From Within: Power and Defiance in Montesquieu’s Persian Letters

Sanders

2020

Sage Open

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Montesquieu reflects on the intricacies of government, social customs, and identity in his epistolary novel titled Persian Letters (1721). For many of these topics, Montesquieu addresses the themes of power and agency, mainly in the context of despotism as symbolized by a seraglio in the book. This article uses the explanatory research method through a case analysis of “power” in the Persian Letters to facilitate a nuanced, gendered understanding of “power” as a concept. The case analysis incorporates and applies feminist perspectives on power, as well as a theoretical framework and empirical observations from Scott’s Weapons of the Weak (1985), to define and operationalize “despotic power” and “defiant power.”

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“…Regardless of nationality, culture, and religious differences, these two aspects have been viewed as natural and as a universal purpose of women (Wojtowicz, 2013). Activities related to terrorism are aspects of the public and masculine sphere, thus the widespread assumption that terrorist and violent actors are male (Ortbals & Staudiger, 2018a;2018b;Eisthain, 1995;Bardall et al, 2020;Goldstein, 2001). There is a presumption that women do not use violence to exercise their political will because of traditional notions of femininity, motherhood, peacefulness, and stability (Banks, 2019).…”

Section: Women Involvement In Violence and Terrorismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Women Terrorists and Violent Actors in the Lens of the Media in Kenya: 1980-2019

Nyabwengi

2022

East Afr. j. interdiscip. stud.

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Despite the increasing role of women in violence and terrorist-related activities across the globe, stereotypes depicting violence and terrorism as a male sphere continue to shape and, in some cases, prevent the authentic presentation of women terrorists and violent actors. Essentially, war and violence are attributed to men and masculine traits. Accordingly, women are mainly presented as intrinsically vulnerable, coerced actors, or violence victims in violence and terrorism. The media plays an essential role in disseminating information about terrorism and violence to the public. However, it does not operate in a vacuum, and thus, reportage of violence and terrorism at times reflects the prevailing cultural gender stereotypes of war and violence. This paper explores how the media present women terrorists and violent actors in Kenya. It also explores how this presentation impacts security initiatives and counter-terrorism strategies in the country. The paper uses accessible evidence from media reports on various female terrorists, terrorist attacks, and security operations to examine these aspects. It argues that the media labels women terrorists as vulnerable and focuses on their age, physical outlook, and statuses rather than the violent act perpetrated. Such presentation paints an image of irrational, naïve, coerced female terrorists and victims of violence. Accordingly, the paper recommends that the media-mediated images must not influence the implementation of anti-terror and violence policies since they do not necessarily reflect the reality on the ground.

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How is Political Violence Gendered? Disentangling Motives, Forms, and Impacts

Cited by 82 publications

References 44 publications

The Gender Gap Tracker: Using Natural Language Processing to measure gender bias in media

The Gender Gap Tracker: Using Natural Language Processing to measure gender bias in media

Resistance From Within: Power and Defiance in Montesquieu’s Persian Letters

Women Terrorists and Violent Actors in the Lens of the Media in Kenya: 1980-2019

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