How mangrove forests adjust to rising sea level

Krauss, Ken W.; McKee, Karen L.; Lovelock, Catherine E.; Cahoon, Donald R.; Saintilan, Neil; Reef, Ruth; Chen, Luzhen

doi:10.1111/nph.12605

Cited by 558 publications

(366 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(274 reference statements)

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“…Increased freshwater flows may also transport more sediment to the coastal ocean, with unknown consequences for the mangrove ecosystems and their maintenance of present stable states. Together with a supply of sediment, sea level rise can drive landward mangrove expansion or promote vertical accretion of the existing mangrove system [204,209,210]. Alternatively, rapid sea level rise may lead to excessive submergence and drowning of the forest.…”

Section: Mangrovesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods

et al. 2015

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Multiple stable states are established in coastal tidal wetlands (marshes, mangroves, deltas, seagrasses) by ecological, hydrological, and geomorphological feedbacks. Catastrophic shifts between states can be induced by gradual environmental change or by disturbance events. These feedbacks and outcomes are key to the sustainability and resilience of vegetated coastlines, especially as modulated by human activity, sea level rise, and climate change. Whereas multiple stable state theory has been invoked to model salt marsh responses to sediment supply and sea level change, there has been comparatively little empirical verification of the theory for salt marshes or other coastal wetlands. Especially lacking is long-term evidence documenting if or how stable states are established and maintained at ecosystem scales. Laboratory and field-plot studies are informative, but of necessarily limited spatial and temporal scope. For the purposes of long-term, coastal-scale monitoring, remote sensing is the best viable option. This review summarizes the above topics and highlights the emerging promise and challenges of using remote sensing-based analyses to validate coastal OPEN ACCESS Remote Sens. 2015, 7 10185 wetland dynamic state theories. This significant opportunity is further framed by a proposed list of scientific advances needed to more thoroughly develop the field.

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Section: Mangrovesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods

et al. 2015

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“…A key foundational concept in mangrove science is the role of minergenic mangroves in trapping and consolidating sediment, leading to long term surface elevation change [53,54]. Positive elevation change allows mangrove vegetation to remain in the same relative position in the tidal frame as sea levels rise over the long-term, and a reduction in sediment input is a key factor in mangrove vulnerability to sea level [55].…”

Section: Erosion Control and Sediment Accretionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem Services and Disservices of Mangrove Forests: Insights from Historical Colonial Observations

Friess

2016

Forests

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Ecosystem services are now strongly applied to mangrove forests, though they are not a new way of viewing mangrove-people interactions; the benefits provided by such habitats, and the negative interactions (ecosystem disservices) between mangroves and people have guided perceptions of mangroves for centuries. This study quantified the ecosystem services and disservices of mangroves as written by colonial explorers from 1823-1883 through a literature survey of 96 expedition reports and studies. Ecosystem disservices were most commonly discussed (60%), with settlers considering mangroves as reservoirs of diseases such as malaria, with wide-ranging implications, such as the global drainage of wetlands in the 19th-20th centuries. Multiple ecosystem services were discussed, especially provisioning services for export, representing colonial views of new lands as ripe for economic use. Interestingly, regulating services of mangroves such as erosion control and sediment accretion that are a focus of much contemporary research were recognized as early as 1865. This study shows that the ecosystem service paradigm has a long history in mangroves. We should not underestimate mangrove ecosystem disservices, and how contemporary perceptions of mangroves may be influenced by such historical viewpoints. Archival materials provide a rich resource to study human-environment interactions, and how they change through time.

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“…Increases in flooding duration can lead to plant death at the seaward mangrove margins as well as shifts in species composition, ultimately leading to a reduction in productivity (Castañeda-Moya et al 2013) and ecosystem services. However, mangroves have considerable resilience to fluctuations in sea level due to their ability to actively modify their environment through surface elevation change processes, and their ability to migrate inland over successive generations (Krauss et al 2013). This is a positive scientific finding for the defence of the Caribbean's urban settlements and infrastructure.…”

Section: Wetlands and Forestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond 1.5 °C: vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies for Caribbean Small Island Developing States

Mycoo

2017

Reg Environ Change

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Global warming of 1.5°C above preindustrial levels and a commensurate increase in global greenhouse gas emissions pose an unprecedented danger to human settlements, livelihoods and the sustainable development of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), yet these challenges present tremendous opportunities to rethink development pathways. The paper has two objectives. One is to critically review present vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies employed by the state, private sector, non-governmental organisations, community-based organisations and households. The other is to discuss vulnerabilities and identify adaptation and resiliency strategies which are considered most applicable beyond the 1.5°C limit. The Caribbean Region is the focus of the paper. A key finding of the paper is that temperature change above the 1.5°C limit set by the Paris Conference of the Parties will make the natural and human systems of SIDS even more highly vulnerable than they are already. Another finding is that Caribbean states have implemented various innovative climate change adaptation strategies, but their relevance should the 1.5°C target be exceeded, requires further exploration. The paper is useful to policymakers, decision-makers and finance agencies in search of practical solutions to avert the implications for Caribbean settlements, economies and ecosystems should the temperature warming exceed 1.5°C.

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How mangrove forests adjust to rising sea level

Cited by 558 publications

References 157 publications

Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods

Multiple Stable States and Catastrophic Shifts in Coastal Wetlands: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Validating Theory Using Remote Sensing and Other Methods

Ecosystem Services and Disservices of Mangrove Forests: Insights from Historical Colonial Observations

Beyond 1.5 °C: vulnerabilities and adaptation strategies for Caribbean Small Island Developing States

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