How men's power over women fuels the HIV epidemic

Gupta, Geeta Rao

doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7331.183

Cited by 140 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Although condoms are quite effective against the spread of HIV and some other sexually transmitted diseases, they are only effective if they are used consistently and correctly, which is often not the case (3,4). This is particularly true in the developing world, where women have relatively little control over sexual encounters and, thus, have not been able to enforce condom usage (5), so the development of a long-lasting, self-applied, microbicide is very attractive. In fact, it is estimated that 20% coverage with a microbicide that is only 60% effective against HIV may prevent up to 2.5 million HIV infections over three years (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

A Lectin Isolated from Bananas Is a Potent Inhibitor of HIV Replication

Swanson

Winter

Goldstein

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

180

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BanLec is a jacalin-related lectin isolated from the fruit of bananas, Musa acuminata. This lectin binds to high mannose carbohydrate structures, including those found on viruses containing glycosylated envelope proteins such as human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Therefore, we hypothesized that BanLec might inhibit HIV-1 through binding of the glycosylated HIV-1 envelope protein, gp120. We determined that

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mentioning

confidence: 98%

A Lectin Isolated from Bananas Is a Potent Inhibitor of HIV Replication

Swanson

Winter

Goldstein

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

180

150

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“…This interaction of the socio-cultural factors and experiences in every ethnic group has been found to shape behavior and influence not only people's perceived efficacy or decision to use condoms but also shapes the misconceptions and myths that people of the same ethnic origins may hold 8 . According to some authors, [9][10][11] one cannot ignore the considerable influence that family structure, gender roles, inequalities and stereotypes in a community have on condom use, emphasizing the notion of risk as an important result of these meaningful interactions. Gup-ta 10 for example, found that women were more likely to have unprotected sex because of their limited negotiation abilities over sexual encounters, less control being partly a result of their low socio-economic status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tackling sexually transmitted infection burden in Ugandan communities living in the United Kingdom: a qualitative analysis of the socio-cultural interpretation of disease and condom use

et al. 2015

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Background: Despite being in a different country and social environment, Ugandans living in the UK still reportedly have the lowest rates of condom usage and one of the highest incidences of STIs in UK. In Uganda, STIs and HIV prevalence has been reported to be on the increase. Understanding peoples' beliefs and the attitudes that influence their behavior is a key factor to effectively designing control programs. Methods: A qualitative study that interviewed 37 purposively selected Ugandans living in the UK was conducted. Lay theories and interpretations were derived using thematic analysis. Results: Condoms generally carried a lot of stigma and were perceived for use primarily in extramarital affairs and pregnancy control. HIV/AIDS was most feared due to its perceived socio-psychological or physical effects unlike other STIs described as "non-threatening" due to wide availability of "quality" treatment in UK. Notions of trust, the purpose of relationships, symptom recognition and partner selection greatly influenced decisions to undertake consistent condom use. Conclusions:The socio-cultural understanding of STIs, sex, trust and relationships are symbolic in influencing consistent condom use among Ugandans. This indicates a need to acknowledge community beliefs and values about sexual health and design messages about STIs and condoms that would help eliminate these serious condom-related misconceptions.

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“…Rose, 1985). In South Africa, major elements of the risk environment thought to fuel vulnerability to HIV include: poverty and underdevelopment in the setting of extreme social and economic inequality; the high rates of labour migration, and; entrenched gender inequalities where physical and sexual violence against women and girls are commonplace (Fenton, 2004;Garcia-Moreno C & Watts C, 2000;Gilbert & Walker, 2002;Mane et al, 1994;Parker et al, 2000;Rao Gupta, 2002;UNAIDS, 1999UNAIDS, , 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%