How Much Can a Smart Parking System Save You?

Surpris, Glenn; Liu, Dahai; Vincenzi, Dennis A.

doi:10.1177/1064804614526202

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To date, research on parking systems, a type of advanced driver assistance system (ADAS), spans varying degrees of parking assistance including attentional cueing [1], multimodal displays [2]- [5], parking spot identification [6], and fully autonomous parking [7]- [9]. Automated parking is a necessary partially automated safety feature for moving towards a high level of vehicle automation in the future (i.e., Level 4 or Level 5 automation).…”

Section: A a Step Towards Autonomy: Automated Parking Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trust in Automated Parking Systems

Visser¹,

Phillips²,

Tenhundfeld³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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In two studies, we evaluated the trust and usefulness of automated compared to manual parking using an experimental paradigm and by surveying owners of vehicles with automated parking features. In Study 1, we compared participants' ability to manually park a Tesla Model X and use the Autopark feature to complete perpendicular and parallel parking maneuvers. We investigated differences in parking success and duration, intervention behavior, self-reported levels of trust in and workload associated with the automation, as well as eye and head movements related to monitoring the automation. We found higher levels of trust in the automated parallel parking maneuvers compared to perpendicular parking. The Tesla’s automated perpendicular parking was found to be less efficient than manually executing this maneuver. Study 2 investigated the frequency with which owners of vehicles with automated parking features used those features and probed why they chose not to use them. Vehicle owners reported using their vehicle's autonomous parking features in ways consistent with the empirical findings from Study 1: higher usage rates of autonomous parallel parking. The results from both studies revealed that 1) automated parking is error-prone, 2) drivers nonetheless have calibrated trust in the automated parking system, and 3) the benefits of automated parallel parking surpass those of automated perpendicular parking with the current state of the technology.

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Section: A a Step Towards Autonomy: Automated Parking Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trust in Automated Parking Systems

Visser¹,

Phillips²,

Tenhundfeld³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…The metrics used for evaluating the benefits of using a Smart Parking System include parking search time [5,30], mean driving distance [31], wandering ratio [5], walking time [32], and travel density and average speed [33]. Measurements (most often distance or time) usually start when a car enters the simulated area [31], when it is near to its destination or makes a request for parking [5], or when it arrives to a parking lot [30]. In our model, agents using the SPS are guided as soon as they enter the walled university campus, a city surrogate.…”

Section: Sps Evaluation Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Occupancy Simulator for a Smart Parking System: Developmental Design and Experimental Considerations

Mendoza-Silva

Gould

Montoliu

et al. 2019

IJGI

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This paper presents the development of a parking occupancy simulator to support a smart parking system. The simulator uses an agent-based approach to model drivers who follow activity plans and who may or may not use the smart parking system. We illustrate how the process of developing our simulator helped in the design and implementation of the smart parking system components. The paper also shows how the simulator was used to study the possible usage of the smart parking system in a university campus, foreseeing (1) support for the smart parking system’s overall suitability, (2) reservation guarantee violation problems, and (3) the value of using total traveled distance as a metric for the smart parking evaluation. The experience presented in this paper may prove valuable to teams planning the development of a smart parking system for similar contexts.

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“…Various strategies to reduce car circling time or improve parking space availability have been evaluated. The arrivals of vehicles are generally simulated together with rules for finding a parking space, driving times and parking time (Harris and Dessouky, 1997;Surpris et al, 2014). A closely related area is that of curb-side parking for dropping off or picking up passengers, for example in connection to an airport.…”

Section: Discrete Event Simulation Of Trafficmentioning

confidence: 99%