How parasitoids deal with the immune system of their host: An overview

Vinson, S. Bradleigh

doi:10.1002/arch.940130103

Cited by 199 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 179 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…Small clutches may also result from larval mortality. Although early-instar larvae may be successfully encapsulated by the cricket, we found little evidence of encapsulation, perhaps because tachinid larvae use the host-encapsulation response to build a breathing tube (Vinson 1990).…”

Section: Clutch Sizecontrasting

confidence: 56%

Parasitism patterns and the size-fecundity relationship in the acoustically orienting dipteran parasitoid Ormia ochracea

Kolluru¹,

Zuk²

2001

Can. J. Zool.

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Female parasitoids are expected to distribute offspring among hosts in a manner that maximizes fitness. Several theoretical and empirical studies have focussed on clutch-size patterns in hymenopteran parasitoids. In contrast, dipteran parasitoids, which differ from hymenopterans in potentially important ways, have received little attention. The phonotactic tachinid fly Ormia ochracea has been intensively studied for its effects on host crickets, and has recently been the subject of studies of its own reproductive biology. This work suggests a negative relationship between clutch size and progeny fitness (consistent with hymenopterans), but no adjustment of clutch size to host size (different from hymenopterans). However, the repeatability of these patterns and the relationship between fly size and fitness remain to be demonstrated. We examined clutch sizes of O. ochracea larvae in the cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus. Most clutches were smaller than a cricket can support to pupation. Smaller clutches yielded larger offspring and larger wild-caught flies had higher fecundity, supporting the idea that small clutches yield higher fitness. However, although parasitised male crickets were slightly larger than unparasitised males, there was no correlation between cricket size and the num ber of larvae. Potential reasons for this departure from the patterns found in hymenopteran parasitoids are discussed. Résumé : On s'attend à ce que les parasitoïdes femelles répartissent leur progéniture parmi les hôtes de façon à maximiser leur fitness. Plusieurs études théoriques et empiriques ont été faites sur les fluctuations de la taille des pontes chez les hyménoptères parasitoïdes. En revanche, les diptères parasitoïdes, qui diffèrent potentiellement des hyménoptères sous plusieurs aspects importants, ont été peu étudiés. Les effets de la mouche tachinide phonotactique Ormia ochracea sur des grillons hôtes ont fait l'objet d'études détaillées et, plus récemment, la biologie de la reproduction de ce diptère a été examinée. Ces résultats indiquent l'existence d'une corrélation négative entre la taille des pontes et le fitness de la progéniture (comme chez les hyménoptères), mais aucun ajustement de la taille des pontes en fonction de la taille des hôtes (différent de chez les hyménopteres). Cependant, la constance de ces patterns et la relation entre la taille des mou ches et le fitness restent à démontrer. Nous avons étudié le nombre de larves issues de pontes chez le grillon Teleogryllus oceanicus. La plupart des pontes sont plus petites que ce que peut supporter un grillon jusqu'à la pupaison. Les pontes plus petites donnent des rejetons plus gros et les mouches plus grosses en nature ont une fécondité plus élevée, corro borant ainsi l'hypothèse que les petites pontes sont associées à un meilleur fitness. Cependant, bien que les grillons mâles parasités se soient avérés légèrement plus gros que les mâles non parasités, il n'y a pas de corrélation entre la taille du grillon et le nombre de larves. Les raisons possible...

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Section: Clutch Sizecontrasting

confidence: 56%

Parasitism patterns and the size-fecundity relationship in the acoustically orienting dipteran parasitoid Ormia ochracea

Kolluru¹,

Zuk²

2001

Can. J. Zool.

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“…Larvae stung became motionless within half an hour and gradually took on a brown colour, swelled and subsequently died. This has already been observed in several parasitoids that release venom or a series of secretions associated with oviposition in hosts (Vinson, 1998) causing permanent paralysis and their death (Vinson, 1990;Quicke, 1997). Roundish melanic stains also appeared in the ovipositor's insertion points on the larvae body, as described in other eulophid species (Viggiani, 1964;Celli and Raboni, 1993).…”

Section: Behavioral Observationsmentioning

confidence: 74%

Biology and Behaviour of Cirrospilus diallus and Cirrospilus pictus, Parasitoids of Phyllocnistis citrella

Pinto

Salerno

Wajnberg³

2005

Biocontrol

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Abstract. Studies were carried out on some biological and behavioral aspects of Cirrospilus diallus Walker and Cirrospilus pictus (Nees) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in relation to their host, the citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Adults of both species fed with sugar lived on average 4.45±0.19 days, whereas adults provided with honey survived on average 40.62± 1.97 days. Rates of host mortality due to parasitoid stings without oviposition were as high as 31.25 and 37.73% for C. pictus and C. diallus, respectively. Both species showed arrhenotokous parthenogenesis. Sex ratios of parasitoids emerging from the 2nd and 3rd instar host larvae were male biased, whereas from the 4th instar larvae and pupae sex ratios were female biased. For both species, the duration of the development time of egg, 2nd-3rd instar larva and pupal stages was influenced mainly by temperature. C. diallus required 17-18 days at 26°C to complete development from egg to adult. C. pictus required 11, 16 and 21 days at 26, 21 and 16°C, respectively. A brief description of courtship and mating (only in C. pictus), female oviposition and larval behaviour is reported.

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“…Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are essential for the survival of some endoparasitoids in their lepidopteran host haemolymph and are implicated in attenuating host immune responses and altering host development (Beckage & Gelman, 2004;Lavine & Beckage, 1995;Lawrence & Lanzrein, 1993;Stettler et al, 1998;Stoltz & Vinson, 1979;Vinson, 1990;Webb, 1998). Because PDV genes play important regulatory roles in compromising host immunity and causing host developmental arrest, it has been suggested that these genes offer opportunities for enhancing the virulence of insect pathogens (Beckage & Gelman, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of promoter activity of selected Cotesia plutellae bracovirus genes

Choi

Kwon

Roh

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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In a previous study, we cloned 27 discrete genome segments of Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) and provided the complete nucleotide sequences and annotation. Seven putative coding regions were predicted from one of the largest segments, CpBV-S30. The activity of promoters associated with six predicted ORFs from this segment were investigated using both transient and baculovirus expression assays with enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene. CpBV promoters showed activity earlier than the polyhedrin promoter and the activity of some of these promoters was superior to that of the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) ie-1 promoter in the baculovirus expression assays. The promoter of ORF3004 showed the highest level of activity in insect cells, exhibiting 24 % of the activity obtained with the AcMNPV polyhedrin promoter in Sf9 cells. In Spodoptera exigua larvae, the ORF3006 promoter showed the highest activity, with about 35 % of the activity measured with the polyhedrin promoter. In addition, analysis of the ORF3006 promoter revealed that the region between "382 and "422 from the translation start point was critical for activity of this promoter. These results suggest that the CpBV-S30 promoters characterized here could be useful tools in a variety of biotechnological applications, such as gene expression analyses and insecticide development.

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How parasitoids deal with the immune system of their host: An overview

Cited by 199 publications

References 179 publications

Parasitism patterns and the size-fecundity relationship in the acoustically orienting dipteran parasitoid Ormia ochracea

Parasitism patterns and the size-fecundity relationship in the acoustically orienting dipteran parasitoid Ormia ochracea

Biology and Behaviour of Cirrospilus diallus and Cirrospilus pictus, Parasitoids of Phyllocnistis citrella

Analysis of promoter activity of selected Cotesia plutellae bracovirus genes

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