“…Research suggests that POQ and knowledge hiding behaviors can lead to various consequences, which can be undesirable such as decreased job satisfaction, motivation, performance, and commitment to the organization's goals (Connelly et al, 2012, 2019; Connelly & Zweig, 2015; Erdogan et al, 2011; Erdogan & Bauer, 2009; Liu et al, 2015; Ye et al, 2017). Concerning the impact of POQ on knowledge and work outcomes, there are mixed findings, with some suggesting positive work outcomes (Demir et al, 2022; Khan, Saeed, Zada, et al, 2023), while others countered the argument with negative work outcomes (Shafique et al, 2023; Yesiltas et al, 2023).…”