How Presidents Test Reality: Decisions on Vietnam, 1954 and 1965.

Rotter, Andrew J.; Burke, John P.; Greenstein, Fred I.; Berman, Larry; Immerman, Richard H.

doi:10.2307/2079138

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Organizational approaches have focused on the specific organizational units and subunits involved in particular networks-stressing how their mandates, information, working routines, and linkages to other actors such as Congress and interest groups shape the advice they produce and their clout on presidential decisions. Stemming from Allison's classic work on the Cuban missile crisis (Allison, 1971), this approach has been used primarily for the study of foreign policy decision-making, particularly in crisis situations (Janis, 1972(Janis, , 1982Kozak and Keagle, 1988;Burke and Greenstein, 1989;'t Hart, 1994;'t Hart, Stern and Sundelius, 1997;Preston, 2001). The main finding of these studies is that the composition of networks involves crucial tradeoffs for presidents to maintain control of decisionmaking.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stability of network membership has also been studied from the organizational and the interactional perspective. Organizational studies have concentrated on the survival of organizational units and on variations in presidents' use of those units within decision-making processes (Porter, 1980;Burke and Greenstein, 1989;Ragsdale and Theis, 1997), whereas interactional analyses have stressed the turnover of each adviser type (Link, 2002). Network stability has been explained from the organizational perspective as the outcome of presidents' managerial styles: turnover would be high under competitive styles (Dickinson, 1997) and less so under collegial styles-though staff shifting to different functions in the policy process may also yield high turnover in these cases (Ponder, 2000).…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Presidency and the Executive Branch in Latin America: What We Know and What We Need to Know

Bonvecchi,

Scartascini

2011

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The presidential politics literature depicts presidents either as all-powerful actors or figureheads and seeks to explain outcomes accordingly. The president and the executive branch are nonetheless usually treated as black boxes, particularly in developing countries, even though the presidency has evolved into an extremely complex branch of government. While these developments have been studied in the United States, far less is known in other countries, particularly in Latin America, where presidential systems have been considered the source of all goods and evils. To help close the knowledge gap and explore differences in policymaking characteristics not only between Latin America and the US but also across Latin American countries, this paper summarizes the vast literature on the organization and resources of the Executive Branch in the Americas and sets a research agenda for the study of Latin American presidencies.

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