How Research in Behavioral Pharmacology Informs Behavioral Science

Branch, Marc N.

doi:10.1901/jeab.2006.130-04

Cited by 69 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Finally, the study of induced behavior during different schedules of reinforcement, like the study of drug effects on schedule-maintained behavior (cf. Branch, 2006), may yield understanding not only of this class of behavior, but of the nature of schedules as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Attack During Fixed‐ratio and Matched‐time Schedules of Food Presentation

Kupfer

Allen

Malagodi

2008

J Exper Analysis Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adjunctive or induced behavior is generated during a variety of schedules of reinforcement. Several theoretical conceptualizations suggest that rate of reinforcement is the primary variable controlling the strength or levels of induced behavior. The operant response requirement within the schedule context has not been extensively studied as a determinant of induced responding. In the present study, levels of induced attack by food-deprived pigeons against restrained conspecifics were compared during response-dependent and response-independent schedules of food presentation equated or yoked interval-by-interval for reinforcement frequency. Experiment 1 compared levels of attack induced by fixed-ratio schedules of key pecking and yoked ''matched-time'' schedules. Experiment 2 similarly compared chained fixed-ratio 1 fixed-ratio 74 and yoked chained matched-time matched-time schedules. In both experiments, the response-dependent schedules generated greater levels (amount and probability) of induced attack than the response-independent time-based schedules. Thus, the ratio response requirement may be an important determinant of levels of induced responding, and the lower levels of attack observed during the response-independent condition may not be due to the absence of stimuli predicting food presentations. It is concluded that rate of reinforcement is not the sole variable determining levels of induced responding and that response-based and time-based schedules differ in their generation of induced responding.Key words: schedule-induced attack, adjunctive behavior, target pigeons, fixed-ratio schedules, matched-time schedules, key peck, pigeons _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Behavior neither elicited nor directly reinforced is generated and maintained during many intermittent schedules of reinforcement. Adjunctive or schedule-induced behavior includes drinking or polydipsia in rats (e.g., Falk, 1961a,b), pigeons (Magyar & Malagodi, 1980), and monkeys (Porter & Kenshalo, 1974), aggression in rats (Huston & DeSisto, 1971) and pigeons (e.g., Azrin, Hutchinson, & Hake, 1966;Flory, 1969a;Pitts & Malagodi, 1996;Webbe, DeWeese, & Malagodi, 1974); escape (Azrin, 1961;Brown & Flory, 1972;Thompson, 1964); wheel-running (Levitsky & Collier, 1968); hose-biting (DeWeese, 1977;Hutchinson, Azrin, & Hunt, 1968); and a host of other activities (Kelly & Hake, 1970;Killeen, 1975;Lyon & Turner, 1972;Mendelson & Chillag, 1970;Miller & Gollub, 1974;Muller, Crow, & Cheney, 1979;Staddon & Simmelhag, 1971). These topographically dissimilar behaviors display certain functional commonalities when induced during schedules of reinforcement, including: (a) the temporal locus within the interreinforcement interval (induced behavior typically occurs in the immediate postreinforcement period when operant or terminal behavior is low in probability); (b) the gradual development over time of induced behavior with extended exp...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced Attack During Fixed‐ratio and Matched‐time Schedules of Food Presentation

Kupfer

Allen

Malagodi

2008

J Exper Analysis Behavior

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As noted by Branch (2006), “The drug-discrimination procedure models some interesting features of the interpretation offered by Skinner. In a sense, the experimenter serves as the animal’s verbal community by reinforcing correct responses and extinguishing incorrect ones.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug discrimination and the analysis of private events.

Kangas

Maguire

2016

Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A defining feature of radical behaviorism is the explicit inclusion of private events as material phenomena within a science of behavior. Surprisingly, however, despite much theorizing, there is a notable paucity within behavior analysis of controlled experimentation and analysis of private events, especially in nonhuman animals. One technique that is amenable to the study of private events is drug discrimination. For over 40 years, drug discrimination procedures have been an incredibly effective tool providing a wealth of in vivo pharmacological information about drugs including receptor selectivity, potency, and efficacy. In addition, this procedure has provided important preclinical indications of abuse liability. However, despite its prowess as a pharmacologic tool, or perhaps because of it, empirical investigation of its parameters, procedural elements, and variants is not currently an active research domain. This review highlights the drug discrimination procedure as a powerful means to systematically investigate private events by using drugs as interoceptive stimuli. In addition to the opportunity to study privacy, empirical evaluation of the drug discrimination procedure will likely inform and improve the standard practice for future endeavors in basic and clinical pharmacology. Keywords drug discrimination; private events; radical behaviorism; behavioral pharmacology Private EventsIn his landmark paper, The Operational Analysis of Psychological Terms, Skinner (1945) defined radical behaviorism largely by the emphasized inclusion of private events within a natural science of behavior (see also Skinner, 1953;1957;1963;1974). Private events are behavioral phenomena (e.g., stimuli and responses) occurring covertly inside the skin, consisting of sensations such as pain, taste, and smell as well as behavior such as feeling, thinking, and imagining. Skinner noted that this treatment of private events is a primary point of departure of his version of radical behaviorism from the so-called methodological behaviorism which was, and continues to be, a dominant view in the behavioral sciences. He and others (

show abstract

“…Poling (2000) lembra que essa pesquisa não despertou interesse na comunidade científica e que mais de uma década se passou até que a farmacologia comportamental se estabelecesse como uma disciplina formal. A despeito do estudo supracitado, o trabalho considerado por muitos autores (e.g., Barrett, 2006;Blackman & Pellon, 1993;Branch, 2006a) como o marco inicial da farmacologia comportamental foi o estudo de Dews (1955), que demonstrou que variáveis ambientais podem modificar a maneira pela qual as drogas afetam o comportamento. Dews treinou pombos privados de alimento a bicarem um disco em FR 50 (que gera alta taxa de respostas) e em FI 15 min.…”

Section: Farmacologia Comportamentalunclassified

“…Ao conceber as drogas como eventos constitutivos do ambiente, a farmacologia comportamental assume que elas podem exercer diferentes papéis enquanto variáveis de controle do comportamento em contingências respondentes e em contingências operantes. Isto é o que tem sido descrito pela literatura como mecanismos comportamentais de ação das drogas (Branch, 2006a;Bravin, Pandossio, & Albuquerque, 2007;Lejuez, Schaal, & O'Donnell, 1998;Leslie, 2003;Poling, Byrne, & Morgan, 2000).…”

Section: Afirma Queunclassified

Uma introdução à farmacologia comportamental

Leonardi

Bravin

2012

Inter. Psicol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

O presente artigo tem como objetivo introduzir a farmacologia comportamental, enfatizando-a como uma área que demonstra a relevância da complementaridade entre análise do comportamento e fisiologia. Inicialmente, o texto apresenta um breve histórico da disciplina e explora seu preceito fundamental – o de que os efeitos de uma droga constituem-se em variáveis ambientais que exercem diferentes funções de estímulo em contingências respondentes e operantes. Em seguida, alguns experimentos que investigaram os mecanismos comportamentais de ação das drogas são brevemente descritos. Por fim, o artigo aponta que a investigação sobre as relações droga-comportamento realizada pela farmacologia comportamental está de acordo com os pressupostos filosóficos do behaviorismo radical e com a base conceitual e empírica da análise do comportamento.Palavras-chave: farmacologia comportamental; análise do comportamento; drogas.

show abstract

How Research in Behavioral Pharmacology Informs Behavioral Science

Cited by 69 publications

References 55 publications

Induced Attack During Fixed‐ratio and Matched‐time Schedules of Food Presentation

Induced Attack During Fixed‐ratio and Matched‐time Schedules of Food Presentation

Drug discrimination and the analysis of private events.

Uma introdução à farmacologia comportamental

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About