How semantic is automatic semantic priming?

Shelton, Jennifer R.; Martin, Randi C.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.18.6.1191

Cited by 268 publications

(444 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(146 reference statements)

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“…These two factors make the neutral stimulus a distinct event during the experiment, and this distinctiveness results in differential processing. This possibility has been speculatively mentioned in the literature (e.g., De Groot, 1983;Jonides & Mack, 1984;Shelton & Martin, 1992). The present ERP data provide the first firm evidence that neutral primes can indeed be less neutral than one might want.…”

Section: On ''Neutral'' Primessupporting

confidence: 62%

“…In the relatedness proportion effect, the size of semantic priming effects increases as the proportion of related word pairs relative to unrelated word pairs in the stimulus list increases. This modulation has been reported both with a lexical decision task (e.g., De Groot, 1984;Seidenberg, Waters, Sanders, & Langer, 1984;Shelton & Martin, 1992) and a pronunciation task (Keefe & Neely, 1990). It occurs for long but not short prime-target stimulus-onset asynchronies (e.g., Den Heyer, Briand, & Dannebring, 1983;but see De Groot, 1984).…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…This evidence connects to discussions in the RT priming literature, where it has been something of an issue whether an essentially meaningless real word (such as blank) is to be preferred over a string of nonletter symbols (e.g., asterisks, hash marks) as the neutral prime stimulus and, more in general, whether a truly neutral stimulus can be achieved at all (cf. De Groot, Thomassen, & Hudson, 1982;Fischler & Bloom, 1980;Shelton & Martin, 1992). This issue is examined under General Discussion, following which the remainder of the discussion focuses on the implications of the results obtained for the target words.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An Event-Related Brain Potential Analysis of Visual Word Priming Effects

Brown

Hagoort

Chwilla³

2000

Brain and Language

102

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Two experiments are reported that provide evidence on task-induced effects during visual lexical processing in a prime-target semantic priming paradigm. The research focuses on target expectancy effects by manipulating the proportion of semantically related and unrelated word pairs. In Experiment 1, a lexical decision task was used and reaction times (RTs) and event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were obtained. In Experiment 2, subjects silently read the stimuli, without any additional task demands, and ERPs were recorded. The RT and ERP results of Experiment 1 demonstrate that an expectancy mechanism contributed to the priming effect when a high proportion of related word pairs was presented. The ERP results of Experiment 2 show that in the absence of extraneous task requirements, an expectancy mechanism is not active. However, a standard ERP semantic priming effect was obtained in Experiment 2. The combined results show that priming effects due to relatedness proportion are induced by task demands and are not a standard aspect of online lexical processing.

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Section: On ''Neutral'' Primessupporting

confidence: 62%

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confidence: 69%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Event-Related Brain Potential Analysis of Visual Word Priming Effects

Brown

Hagoort

Chwilla³

2000

Brain and Language

102

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“…However, a number of recent studies suggest that the picture might be more complicated (Balota, Black, & Cheney, 1992;Shelton & Martin, 1992). There is some evidence that even at short prime-target intervals priming observed for words presented in prime-target pairs might to a certain degree also depend upon controlled priming mechanisms (Shelton & Martin, 1992). Moreover, the effects of automatic spreading of activation and strategic attentional processing are most likely not independent (Balota et al, 1992;Carr & Dagenbach, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neely, 1991, for an overview). However, a number of recent studies suggest that the picture might be more complicated (Balota, Black, & Cheney, 1992;Shelton & Martin, 1992). There is some evidence that even at short prime-target intervals priming observed for words presented in prime-target pairs might to a certain degree also depend upon controlled priming mechanisms (Shelton & Martin, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic Priming in Broca's Aphasics at a Short SOA: No Support for an Automatic Access Deficit

Hagoort

1997

Brain and Language

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This study tests the recent claim that Broca's aphasics are impaired in automatic lexical access, including the retrieval of word meaning. Subjects are required to perform a lexical decision on visually presented prime target pairs. Half of the word targets are preceded by a related word, half by an unrelated word. Primes and targets are presented with a long stimulus-onset-asynchrony (SOA) of 1400 msec and with a short SOA of 300 msec. Normal priming effects are observed in Broca's aphasics for both SOAs. This result is discussed in the context of the claim that Broca's aphasics suffer from an impairment in the automatic access of lexical-semantic information. It is argued that none of the current priming studies provides evidence supporting this claim, since with short SOAs priming effects have been reliably obtained in Broca's aphasics. The results are more compatible with the claim that in many Broca's aphasics the functional locus of their comprehension deficit is at the level of postlexical integration processes.

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Semantic Memory and Priming

McNamara

Holbrook

2003

Handbook of Psychology

156

194

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The purpose of this chapter is to review theoretical and empirical developments in the scientific understanding of semantic memory, semantic priming, and repetition priming. We begin by summarizing the classical models of semantic memory and the major empirical findings that were used to test those models. We also summarize two contemporary models of semantic memory, distributed network models and high‐dimensional spatial models. In the second section of the chapter, we examine semantic priming. We review the most influential models of semantic priming; viz., spreading‐activation, compound‐cue, and distributed‐network models. We then summarize the major empirical findings on semantic priming, focusing in particular on issues that have turned out to be important for testing models of semantic priming and on findings published since Neely's (1991) review. In the third section, we examine repetition priming. We summarize the most influential models of repetition priming, such as the logogen model, the counter model, instance theory, and distributed network models. We then review some of the major issues and findings on repetition priming. We close the chapter with a summary of our conclusions and a discussion of promising directions for future research.

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How semantic is automatic semantic priming?

Cited by 268 publications

References 50 publications

An Event-Related Brain Potential Analysis of Visual Word Priming Effects

An Event-Related Brain Potential Analysis of Visual Word Priming Effects

Semantic Priming in Broca's Aphasics at a Short SOA: No Support for an Automatic Access Deficit

Semantic Memory and Priming

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