How should sports match fixing be classified?

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to classify sports match fixing based on the scope of human network and financial involvement. We analyze the concept of match fixing as defined by the International Olympic Committee and create a classification scheme based on four types of match fixing behavior: type 1organization-based match fixing with money involved within an internal-external human network, type 2-relationship-based match fixing with the involvement of an internal-external human network without monetary involvement, type 3-sustenance-based match fixing with money involved within an internal human network, and type 4-goal-based match fixing with the involvement of an internal human network without monetary involvement. Lastly, we need to consider variables intrinsic and extrinsic to a sports game, which should be carefully examined and managed depending on the match fixing type to prevent match fixing behavior.

Too much at stake to uphold sport integrity? High-performance athletes’ involvement in match-fixing

“…According to the document, manipulation of sports competitions0 F 1 is: an intentional arrangement, act or omission aimed at an improper alteration of the result or the course of a sports competition in order to remove all or part of the unpredictable nature of the aforementioned sports competition with a view to obtaining an undue advantage for oneself or for others. [11] Some approaches use this definition to put under the same category of matchfixing/manipulation quite different ethical problems in sport, such as doping and fraudulent betting (e.g., [9,12]), all of which might be better categorised as 'corruption', 'corrupt practices' or 'integrity issues' in and around sports. To exclude such issues other than match-fixing, we confine the act of 'improper alteration' in the definition above to what is carried out in the game, for example, by athletes or/and referees -namely on-field corruption.…”

AI-Based Betting Anomaly Detection System to Ensure Fairness in Sports and Prevent Illegal Gambling

“…There are various types of match-xing, largely divided into those in the pursuit of nancial gain and those involving human networks. In the former case, athletes and brokers involved earn dividends by betting through a betting site, whereas the latter is conducted in pursuit of honor or advantage in entrance exams [11,12]. The most frequent type of match-xing is related to nancial gains.…”

Tolerância zero ou eficácia nula? Políticas públicas e regulamentos desportivos para combater o match-fixing

“…O match-fixing é um tipo de manipulação de resultados desportivos que constitui crime de fraude ou corrupção desportiva (Brooks, Aleem e Burton, 2013) e consiste na predeterminação do curso ou do resultado de um evento desportivo (Park, Choi e Yoon, 2019), para ganhos relacionados com a competição ou com as apostas desportivas (Aquilina e Chetcuti, 2013).…”