“…The rationale in selecting these leading exchange rates is that they are commonly used and thus can provide a rich understanding of the relationships between the exchange rates and gold prices. For example, Goldman (2000) uses USD → GBP; Pukthuanthong and Roll (2011) , USD → EUR, USD → GBP, and USD → JPY; Bedoui, Braeik, Goutte, and Guesmi (2018) , USD → GBP, USD → EUR, USD → CAD, USD → JPY, and USD → CHF; Mirkov, Pozdeev, and Söderlind (2019) , USD → CHF; Dong, Chen, Lee, and Sriboonchitta (2019) , USD → GBP and USD → EUR; Cumperayot and Kouwenberg (2020) , USD → GBP, USD → CAD, USD → JPY, USD → NOK, and USD → DKK; Li, Lu, Jiang, and Petrova (2021) and Ding (2021) , USD → GBP, USD → EUR, USD → CAD, and USD → JPY.…”