How T cells spot tumour cells

Sarkizova, Siranush; Hacohen, Nir

doi:10.1038/d41586-017-07267-9

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The observation that embryonic carcinoma cells can incorporate into a normal blastocyst and produce a normal mouse composed of a mixture of normal cells (the host) and normalized cancer cells (the incorporated teratocarcinoma) ( 77 ) and that cancer cells in the presence of normal tissue may reverse to a normal phenotype ( 78 ) enlarges our perspective on research for cancer control and treatment. While the present study does not discuss the effectiveness of immune therapy and the progresses in treatment ( 79 ), we suggest that immune surveillance is probably not, in natural conditions, as effective as expected.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

A Tumor Profile in Primary Immune Deficiencies Challenges the Cancer Immune Surveillance Concept

Satgé

2018

Front. Immunol.

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Under the concept of cancer immune surveillance, individuals with primary immune deficiencies would be expected to develop many more malignancies and show an excess of all types of cancers, compared to people with a normal immune system. A review of the nine most frequent and best-documented human conditions with primary immune deficiency reveals a 1.6- to 2.3-fold global increase of cancer in the largest epidemiological studies. However, the spectrum of cancer types with higher frequencies is narrow, limited mainly to lymphoma, digestive tract cancers, and virus-induced cancers. Increased lymphoma is also reported in animal models of immune deficiency. Overstimulation of leukocytes, chronic inflammation, and viruses explain this tumor profile. This raises the question of cancers being foreign organisms or tissues. Organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites as well as non-compatible grafts are seen as foreign (non-self) and identified and destroyed or rejected by the body (self). As cancer cells rarely show strong (and unique) surface antibodies, their recognition and elimination by the immune system is theoretically questionable, challenging the immune surveillance concept. In the neonatal period, the immune system is weak, but spontaneous regression and good outcomes occur for some cancers, suggesting that non-immune factors are effective in controlling cancer. The idea of cancer as a group of cells that must be destroyed and eliminated appears instead as a legacy of methods and paradigms in microbiological medicine. As an alternative approach, cancer cells could be considered part of the body and could be controlled by an embryonic and neonatal environment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

A Tumor Profile in Primary Immune Deficiencies Challenges the Cancer Immune Surveillance Concept

Satgé

2018

Front. Immunol.

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“…A type of white blood cell, they search the body for cells displaying antigens either from infectious organisms or antigens arising from tumor cell mutations known as neoantigens. When the T-cell receptor (TCR) of a cytotoxic T cell recognizes and binds to an antigen, the T cell kills the cell displaying that antigen (Sarkizova and Hacohen, 2017).…”

Section: Tumor Related T Cells and Their Role In Tumor Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese Herbal Medicine and Its Regulatory Effects on Tumor Related T Cells

Hoffman

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

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Traditional Chinese medicine is an accepted and integral part of clinical cancer management alongside Western medicine in China. However, historically TCM physicians were unaware of the chemical constituents of their formulations, and the specific biological targets in the body. Through HPLC, flow cytometry, and other processes, researchers now have a much clearer picture of how herbal medicine works in conjunction with the immune system in cancer therapy. Among them, the regulation of tumor-related T cells plays the most important role in modulating tumor immunity by traditional Chinese medicine. Encouraging results have been well-documented, including an increase in T cell production along with their associated cytokines, enhanced regulation of Tregs and important T cell ratios, the formation and function of Tregs in tumor microenvironments, and the promotion of the number and function of normal T Cells to reduce conventional cancer therapy side effects. Chinese herbal medicine represents a rich field of research from which to draw further inspiration for future studies. While promising agents have already been identified, the vast majority of Chinese herbal mechanisms remain undiscovered. In this review, we summarize the effects and mechanisms of specific Chinese herbs and herbal decoctions on tumor related T cells.

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“…Tumor fitness is the prediction whether a cancer cell will be attacked by immune cells (T cells). Strong immune response against the tumor means that there is low tumor fitness [8]. High tumor fitness is related with loss of function of immune cells and an increase in the amount of checkpoint inhibitors such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) and lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG3) that are markers of T cell exhaustion [9] [10] [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MUC1 Antigen-Specific CD8 T Lymphocytes Targeting MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines

Parsonidis¹,

Ntanovasilis²,

Papasotiriou³

2019

JCT

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MUC1 is an antigen that is overexpressed on the cell surface of many human breast adenocarcinomas and other types of cancer. The cancer immunity cycle has seven steps, starting with release of cancer cell antigen and following with cancer antigen presentation. Priming, activation and trafficking of T cells to tumors are the next steps and the infiltration of T cells into tumors, the recognition of cancer cells by T cells and killing of cancer cells are the final steps. We have tested a synthetic peptide for the MUC1 antigen and generated dendritic cells (DCs) that were pulsed with the specific peptide. Mature DCs were used to activate naive T cells to differentiate into antigen-specific CTLs. CTLs were tested for proliferation, cytokine release (IFNγ), activation markers and cytotoxicity against human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines. The cytotoxic effect of those CTLs was higher against MCF7 human cell line than against MDA-MB-231 human cell line.

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How T cells spot tumour cells

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

A Tumor Profile in Primary Immune Deficiencies Challenges the Cancer Immune Surveillance Concept

A Tumor Profile in Primary Immune Deficiencies Challenges the Cancer Immune Surveillance Concept

Chinese Herbal Medicine and Its Regulatory Effects on Tumor Related T Cells

MUC1 Antigen-Specific CD8 T Lymphocytes Targeting MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines

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