How the Group Affects the Mind: A Cognitive Model of Idea Generation in Groups

Abstract

A model called search for ideas in associative memory (SIAM) is proposed to account for various research findings in the area of group idea generation. The model assumes that idea generation is a repeated search for ideas in associative memory, which proceeds in 2 stages (knowledge activation and idea production), and is controlled through negative feedback loops and cognitive failures (trials in which no idea is generated). We show that (a) turn taking (production blocking) interferes with both stages of the process; (b) ideas suggested by others aid the activation of problem-relevant knowledge; and (c) cognitive failures are important determinants of brainstorming persistence, satisfaction, and enjoyment. Implications for group decision making and group recall are discussed.

When two is too many: Collaborative encoding impairs memory

“…In the collaborative-recall situation, retrieval disruption occurs from hearing others' recalled items, thus lowering each member's (and in turn the group's) recall. This is similar to brainstorming research showing that collaborative groups generate fewer novel ideas than do nominal groups (e.g., Paulus, 2000; see also Nijstad & Stroebe, 2006).…”

How the initial thinking period affects student argumentation during peer instruction: students’ experiences versus observations

“…This "thought distraction" was presented as a possible explanation for why production blocking occurs in brainstorming groups, but some researchers have failed to find evidence of thought distraction and have argued against it (Stroebe and Diehl 1994;Nijstad and Stroebe 2006). Still, it may be a viable explanation in our setting because of the differences between quiz discussions and brainstorming groups, the latter focusing on presenting a large amount of ideas, with no requirements on their validity, and which should not be subjected to peer evaluation.…”

Combining Ideas in Crowdsourced Idea Generation

“…In addition, when people read different ideas, these ideas will activate different knowledge in mind (Nijstad and Stroebe 2006). In trying to combine distinct ideas, people need to make further associations or analogies to connect different knowledge activated.…”