2011
DOI: 10.1021/la201603v
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How Thermal Curing of an Organic Paper Coating Changes Topography, Chemistry, and Wettability

Abstract: Celluloses are preferred renewable substrates, but hydrophilicity and porosity disfavor their water resistance. We present here an ecofriendly application of imidized nanoparticles and a method to flexibly tune the surface wettability of papers. The soft nanostructured coating is sensitive to thermal curing, which affects both the surface chemistry and morphology. The thermal stability of the coating is first investigated with conventional and modulated differential scanning calorimetry, revealing influences o… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(21 citation statements)
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References 38 publications
(51 reference statements)
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“…The evolution in imide content after curing is confirmed by quantitative calculations from Raman spectra (Table 3, part thermally annealed), indicating a maximum imide content of 29.5% for chemically reacted Kln/SMI = 70:30 after curing at 135 °C. The calculations of imide content after curing the physically mixed Kln/SMI is higher, and rather reflect the same evolution that was previously obtained after curing the pure SMI nanoparticles [57]. Theoretically, the imide content increases after thermal curing due to further polycondensation of the ammonolyzed (ring-opened) maleic anhydride into the ring-closed imide structure.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 81%
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“…The evolution in imide content after curing is confirmed by quantitative calculations from Raman spectra (Table 3, part thermally annealed), indicating a maximum imide content of 29.5% for chemically reacted Kln/SMI = 70:30 after curing at 135 °C. The calculations of imide content after curing the physically mixed Kln/SMI is higher, and rather reflect the same evolution that was previously obtained after curing the pure SMI nanoparticles [57]. Theoretically, the imide content increases after thermal curing due to further polycondensation of the ammonolyzed (ring-opened) maleic anhydride into the ring-closed imide structure.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 81%
“…The FTIR bands for styrene may partly overlap with kaolinite-related absorption bands at 1010 and 1030 cm −1 , corresponding to the in-plane Si–O–Si stretching vibrations that are also blue-shifted by intercalation [44]. The latter band shifts were not observed as pronounced during the thermal curing of pure SMI nanoparticles [57], and clearly indicate constraint interactions in presence of kaolinite. The hydroxyl bonding of the nanoparticles to the kaolinite improves after curing at 135 °C, with a minimum intensity of the 3695 cm −1 band.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…As such, a multi-scale roughness profile can be created over the paper surface by means of polymer nanotechnology in combination with the fibrous surfaces, in order to create highly hydrophobic properties [151]. By combining roughness measurements at different scale length with a compositional analysis, a calibration model for tuning wettability of nanoscale coated paper surfaces can be constructed [152]: the evolution of the contact angle with degree of imidization of the nanoparticles and the nanoscale surface roughness determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) is illustrated in Figure 7: an increase in the apparent water contact angle θ* on a nanostructured rough surface depends on the equilibrium contact angle θ on a virtually flat surface and the roughness parameter r, following the Wenzel model of cos θ* = r·cos θ. Depending on the deposition technique, the present model has been constructed for coatings deposited by bar-coating, while dip-coating resulted in a further augmentation of the water contact angle and self-cleaning tissue surfaces [151].…”
Section: Nanoscale Surface Structuring Towards (Super-)hydrophobic Pamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Illustration of a model for water contact angles on paper coated with nanoparticles, depending on (a) the chemical composition of the surface in terms of imide content; (b) nanoscale surface roughness in terms of root-mean square surface roughness from atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements [152].…”
Section: Nanoscale Surface Structuring Towards (Super-)hydrophobic Pamentioning
confidence: 99%