How to Calculate Adsorption Isotherms of Particles Using Two-Parameter Monolayer Adsorption Models and Equations

Abstract

Adsorption isotherm is the most important calculation to predict and analyze the various possible mechanisms that occur in adsorption process. However, until now, most studies only presented the adsorption isotherm theory, and there are no studies that explain the adsorption isotherm thoroughly and in detail from theory to calculation. Therefore, this study contains guidelines for selecting the type of adsorption isotherm to describe the entire adsorption data set, which is featured by the ten most common adsorption isotherms. The steps of how to analyze the two-parameter monolayer adsorption are presented. This study is expected to provide clear and useful information for researchers who are working and studying on the adsorption process.

A review of biomaterial as an adsorbent: From the bibliometric literature review, the definition of dyes and adsorbent, the adsorption phenomena and isotherm models, factors affecting the adsorption process, to the use of typha species waste as adsorbent

“…Some techniques such as photocatalytic degradation [32][33][34], sonochemical degradation [35][36][37], cation exchange membranes [38][39][40], electrochemical degradation [41][42][43], solar Acid orange 165 60 [29] Basic blue 7 100 [29] Basic blue 81 205 [29] Basic violet 16 90 [29] Basic yellow 21 171 [29] Direct orange 62 150 [29] Congo red 96 [30] Crystal violet 10 [14] Methylene blue 50 [31] photo-Fenton [44][45][46], biological process [28,47,48], adsorption [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66], solar photo-Fenton and biological processes [67], and Fenton-biological treatment [68] have been used for the wastewater treatment to remove the dyes from wastewater....…”

“…Adsorption is the very common way in pollutant removal [65] as it has a important role in controlling the environmental pollution [82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89]. The adsorbent-grade activated carbon is one of the issues due to its cost-prohibitive [90].…”

Isotherm study of banana stem waste adsorbents to reduce the concentration of textile dying waste

“…This study used four adsorption models (i.e. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models) to provide the adsorption relationship, in which the detailed information is in our previous study (Ragadhita et al, 2021). The adsorption efficiency (η) is calculated using the initial concentration of adsorbate (Co, mg/L) and C e is the equilibrium adsorbate concentration (Ce, mg/L), as shown in equation ( 1):…”

Modification of Kaolin with Carbon Quantum Dots as Composite for Methylene Blue Removal: Literature Review and Experiment

“…Therefore, adsorption is an excellent technique to remove dissolved organic pollutants such as dyes from wastewater (Kandisa & K.V, 2016). Adsorption is a process that mainly utilizes surface forces (Ragadhita & Nandiyanto, 2021).…”

“…Adsorption happens when the adsorbate is being adsorbed by the adsorbent, which has a great porous surface structure and liquid-solid intermolecular forces of attraction (Ragadhita & Nandiyanto, 2021). A low-cost adsorbent is defined as one that is abundant in nature or is a by-product or waste from industries, and requires little to no processing (Dewi et al, 2021;Fiandini, 2020;Nandiyanto et al, 2022a).…”