How to choose a precursor for decomposition solution-phase synthesis: the case of iron nanoparticles

Herman, D. A.; Cheong-Tilley, Soshan; McGrath, Andrew J.; McVey, Benjamin F. P.; Lein, Matthias; Tilley, Richard D.

doi:10.1039/c5nr00718f

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Other precursors, such as iron bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, Fe[N(Si(CH 3 ) 3 ) 2 ], and iron oleate, have been also used to synthesize iron nanocubes; however, these precursors are either air‐sensitive or require very high reaction temperatures to decompose. Recently, Fe NPs were synthesized by reductive decomposition of the organo‐iron sandwich complex and the decomposition profiles were controlled by the symmetry and metal–ligand bond dissociation energies of the complex ( Figure ). From the investigated precursors, bis(1,3,5‐exo‐6‐tetramethyl‐η 5 ‐cyclohexadienyl)iron, or [Fe(η 5 ‐C 6 H 3 Me 4 ) 2 ], was found to be the best one, with a narrow decomposition temperature range due to its symmetry and the low bond dissociation energy of the ligands from the Fe(II) center.…”

Section: Fe Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the High‐Temperature Chemical Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles

Mendoza‐Garcia

Sun

2016

Adv Funct Materials

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Depending on the solvent chosen, high temperatures can be used to control metal precursor reaction and the formation of magnetic NPs. It is versatile in controlling NP size, shape, structure and composition. [ 7 ] In this chemical context, two methods are commonly used. The fi rst one relays on the rapid injection of the reagents, which are often organometallic compounds, into hot surfactant solution, inducing the simultaneous formation of many nuclei ( Figure 1 ). Alternatively, reducing agents can be quickly added to metal salt solutions at high temperature. In both cases nucleation occurs when the monomer concentration is quickly increased over the critical supersaturation level; this nucleation stage relieves the supersaturation. [ 8 ] After the nucleation event, the preformed nuclei start to grow from the remaining monomers without additional nucleation events, leading to the formation of NPs. [ 9 ] To gain control of the NP size distribution, the nucleation events should occur simultaneously for all nucleating monomers, and the NP growth condition should be kept identical in the reaction solution. In the second common synthetic procedure, reagents are mixed at low temperature and the reaction is slowly heated in a controlled manner to generate nuclei. Subsequently, NP growth occurs by the addition of reactive species [ 7 ] or by Oswalt ripening, [ 9 ] where the high surface energy of the small NPs promotes their dissolution and the subsequent redeposition of the material on the larger NPs. These bottom-up approaches have proven to be very successful in the preparation of a large family of Fe and Co-based magnetic NPs. Fe NPsMagnetic NPs based on metallic Fe have much higher magnetization values than their oxide counterparts (Fe, 218 emu g -1 ) [ 10 ] which is very attractive for biomedical applications like bioseparation, highly sensitive biosensing and MRI contrast enhancement. Although Fe NPs may be highly reactive in an aqueous environment, issues of biocompatibility, solubility, and stability can be addressed, for example, by coating the NPs with an inert inorganic layer and/or polymer. [ 11 ] Fe NPs are made by thermal decomposition and reduction of metal precursors followed by high temperature or other chemical treatments to form a robust shell of carbon, [ 12 ] oxides, [ 10,13 ] or noble metals. [ 14 ] It is well known that highly crystalline Fe NPs could be made by reduction of a dimeric iron precursor with H 2 ; however, once exposed to air, these NPs are

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Section: Fe Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in the High‐Temperature Chemical Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles

Mendoza‐Garcia

Sun

2016

Adv Funct Materials

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“…A simple method for synthesizing Fe MNPs is by thermal decomposition of easy to handle iron organometallic precursor, Fe(C 5 H 5 )(C 6 H 7 ), by hot injection or slow reduction with H 2 . [61,63,[85][86][87][88] The low temperature, controllable reduction process has enabled size control between 7-15 nm, and the formation of cubes [61,87] and cluster-conglomerates. [85] The resulting MNPs have Fe(0) cores that has high M Sat and a 2-3 nm oxide shell.…”

Section: Iron Npsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sensing

et al. 2019

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Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are of high significance in sensing as they provide viable solutions to the enduring challenges related to lower detection limits and non-specific effects. The rapid expansion in the applications of MNPs creates a need to overview the current state of the field of MNPs for sensing applications. In this Review, the trends and concepts in the literature are critically appraised in terms of the opportunities and limitations of MNPs used for the most advanced sensing applications. The latest progress in MNP sensor technologies is overviewed with a focus on MNP structures and properties, as well as the strategies of incorporating these MNPs into devices. By looking at recent synthetic advancements, and the key challenges that face NP-based sensors, this Review aims to outline how to design, synthesize and use MNPs to make the most effective and sensitive sensors.

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“…[92a] In addition to the ratio of precursors and ligands to start with, shape and size of the formed MNPs by thermal decomposition approach are governed by the rate of heating, the final temperature of the reaction and the annealing time. [146] In a study performed by Herman et al, [147] they studied the effect of altering the symmetry and metal-ligand bond dissociation energy of the organometallic precursor on controlling the size and size distribution of iron oxide nanoparticles within a thermal decomposition synthesis. Three iron sandwich compounds having different decomposition profiles where decomposed in 1-octadene solvent in the presence of oleylamine as a capping agent.…”

Section: Thermal Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

Mosayebi

Kiyasatfar

Laurent

2017

Adv Healthcare Materials

203

171

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In order to translate nanotechnology into medical practice, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been presented as a class of non‐invasive nanomaterials for numerous biomedical applications. In particular, MNPs have opened a door for simultaneous diagnosis and brisk treatment of diseases in the form of theranostic agents. This review highlights the recent advances in preparation and utilization of MNPs from the synthesis and functionalization steps to the final design consideration in evading the body immune system for therapeutic and diagnostic applications with addressing the most recent examples of the literature in each section. This study provides a conceptual framework of a wide range of synthetic routes classified mainly as wet chemistry, state‐of‐the‐art microfluidic reactors, and biogenic routes, along with the most popular coating materials to stabilize resultant MNPs. Additionally, key aspects of prolonging the half‐life of MNPs via overcoming the sequential biological barriers are covered through unraveling the biophysical interactions at the bio–nano interface and giving a set of criteria to efficiently modulate MNPs' physicochemical properties. Furthermore, concepts of passive and active targeting for successful cell internalization, by respectively exploiting the unique properties of cancers and novel targeting ligands are described in detail. Finally, this study extensively covers the recent developments in magnetic drug targeting and hyperthermia as therapeutic applications of MNPs. In addition, multi‐modal imaging via fusion of magnetic resonance imaging, and also innovative magnetic particle imaging with other imaging techniques for early diagnosis of diseases are extensively provided.

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How to choose a precursor for decomposition solution-phase synthesis: the case of iron nanoparticles

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Recent Advances in the High‐Temperature Chemical Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles

Recent Advances in the High‐Temperature Chemical Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles

Advances in the Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sensing

Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications

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