How to find the way out from four rooms? The learning of “chaining” associations may shed light on the neuropsychology of the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia

Polgár, Patrícia; M, Farkas; Nagy, Orsolya; Kelemen, Ogúz; Réthelyi, János M.; Bitter, István; Myers, Catherine E.; Gluck, Mark A.; Kéri, Szabolcs

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2007.06.027

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Previous research also suggests that the negative symptoms in SZ play an important role in impaired reward processing. For example, behavioral performance and negative symptoms showed an inverse relationship in previous studies (Polgár et al, 2008; Waltz, Frank, Robinson, & Gold, 2007) when measured by the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS; Andreasen, 1989). In addition, some functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies showed that individuals with SZ showed reduced activation of the ventral striatum, a key region encoding expected reward, during reward anticipation and the reduction correlated with overall negative symptoms (Juckel et al, 2006) or apathy (Simon et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 81%

Temporal discounting of rewards in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Ahn¹,

Rass²,

Fridberg³

et al. 2011

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

148

124

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Patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia often show decision-making deficits in everyday circumstances. A failure to appropriately weigh immediate versus future consequences of choices may contribute to these deficits. We used the delay discounting task in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) or schizophrenia (SZ) to investigate their temporal decision-making. Twenty-two individuals with BD, 21 individuals with SZ and 31 healthy individuals completed the delay discounting task along with neuropsychological measures of working memory and cognitive function. Both BD and SZ groups discounted delayed rewards more steeply than the healthy group even after controlling for current substance use, age, gender, and employment. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that discounting rate was associated both with diagnostic group and working memory/intelligence composite scores. In each group, working memory or intelligence scores negatively correlated with discounting rate. The results suggest that 1) both BD and SZ groups value smaller, immediate rewards more than larger, delayed rewards compared to the healthy group and 2) working memory or intelligence is related to temporal decision-making in individuals with BD or SZ as well as in healthy individuals.

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mentioning

confidence: 81%

Temporal discounting of rewards in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Ahn¹,

Rass²,

Fridberg³

et al. 2011

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

148

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The majority of studies (Galderisi et al, , 2013aWang et al, 2008;Polgár et al, 2008;Réthelyi et al, 2012;Fervaha et al, 2015a) and a meta-analysis (Cohen et al, 2007) reported a generalized cognitive impairment in DS vs both NDS and controls. Reduced general cognitive abilities in DS might be related to a neurodevelopmental trajectory with early cognitive impairment interfering with the acquisition of subsequent competences .…”

Section: Neurocognitive Impairmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary and persistent negative symptoms: Concepts, assessments and neurobiological bases

Mucci

Merlotti

Üçok

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Research

115

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“…Such findings are consistent with the larger literature suggesting altered cognitive control function in schizophrenia, and are also consistent with the growing basic science literature suggesting important interactions between what have been referred to as “model-free” learning systems (e.g., DA in the striatum) and “model-based” learning systems that engage prefrontal and parietal systems that support representations of action-outcome models (Daw, Gershman, Seymour, Dayan, & Dolan, 2011; Doll, Simon, & Daw, 2012; Glascher, Daw, Dayan, & O’Doherty, 2010; Lee, Shimojo, & O’Doherty, 2014; Otto, Skatova, Madlon-Kay, & Daw, 2015). Interestingly, there is robust evidence that explicit RL impairments in schizophrenia are correlated with motivation/pleasure negative symptoms (Farkas et al, 2008; Murray et al, 2008; Polgar et al, 2008; Somlai, et al, 2011; Strauss et al, 2011; Waltz, Frank, Wiecki, & Gold, 2011) and that negative symptoms more broadly are related to positive as compared to negative RL (Gold, Waltz, et al, 2012; Polgar, et al, 2008; Somlai, et al, 2011). …”

Section: Reinforcement Learning In Psychotic Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explicit and implicit reinforcement learning across the psychosis spectrum.

Deanna¹,

Carter²,

Gold³

et al. 2017

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Motivational and hedonic impairments are core features of a variety of types of psychopathology. An important aspect of motivational function is reinforcement learning (RL), including implicit (i.e., outside of conscious awareness) and explicit (i.e., including explicit representations about potential reward associations) learning, as well as both positive reinforcement (learning about actions that lead to reward) and punishment (learning to avoid actions that lead to loss). Here we present data from paradigms designed to assess both positive and negative components of both implicit and explicit RL, examine performance on each of these tasks among individuals with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder with psychosis, and examine their relative relationships to specific symptom domains transdiagnostically. None of the diagnostic groups differed significantly from controls on the implicit RL tasks in either bias towards a rewarded response or bias away from a punished response. However, on the explicit RL task, both the individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder performed significantly worse than controls, but the individuals with bipolar did not. Worse performance on the explicit RL task, but not the implicit RL task, was related to worse motivation and pleasure symptoms across all diagnostic categories. Performance on explicit RL, but not implicit RL, was related to working memory, which accounted for some of the diagnostic group differences. However, working memory did not account for the relationship of explicit RL to motivation and pleasure symptoms. These findings suggest transdiagnostic relationships across the spectrum of psychotic disorders between motivation and pleasure impairments and explicit RL.

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How to find the way out from four rooms? The learning of “chaining” associations may shed light on the neuropsychology of the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia

Cited by 35 publications

References 34 publications

Temporal discounting of rewards in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Temporal discounting of rewards in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

Primary and persistent negative symptoms: Concepts, assessments and neurobiological bases

Explicit and implicit reinforcement learning across the psychosis spectrum.

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