How to improve the 13C-urea breath test (UBT) for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection?

Effect of Fasting Subjects’ Posture on 13C‐Urea Breath Test for Detection of Helicobacter pylori Infection

“…Since the method was first reported in 1987 [1], many modifications have been introduced to establish a simple, convenient, and reliable standard procedure [2–4]. Many factors that may affect the 13 C‐urea value in the collected sample have been verified, such as a meal before 13 C‐urea dosing, fasting time before dosing, amount of 13 C‐urea administered, and mouthwash after dosing [5–8]. However, no available literature addresses the effect of the posture of the patient on the shape of the Δ 13 C excretion curve, and a variety of postures have been used during the procedure [2,4,6].…”