How to test for dual-task-specific effects in brain imaging studies — An evaluation of potential analysis methods

Szameitat, André J.; Schubert, Torsten; Müller, Hermann J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.07.069

Cited by 43 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Fig. 6B shows that the contrast "dual-task N sum of singletasks", which has been proposed to be a suitable yet conservative test for dual-task specific effects (Szameitat et al, 2011), revealed significant activation in the left middle and superior frontal gyrus, as well as in the right superior parietal lobule. The contrast "SOA 100 N SOA 800", which has previously been used ("short SOA N long SOA") in a number of studies on dual-task processing (Herath et al, 2001;Jiang, 2004;Jiang et al, 2004), revealed two significant clusters, one in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and the other in the rostral part of the ACC (Fig.…”

Section: Eeg Results: Extracted Beta Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A fronto-parietal network of regions has been linked to dual-task processing limits (and further capacity limits in information processing) in a number of previous studies (Marois and Ivanoff, 2005). The contrast "dual-task N sum of single-tasks", which has been proposed to be a particularly suitable yet conservative test for dualtask specific effects (Szameitat et al, 2011), revealed significant activation in the left middle and superior frontal gyrus, as well as in the right superior parietal lobule. The contrast "SOA 100 N SOA 800", which has previously been used ("short SOA N long SOA") with different outcomes (Herath et al, 2001;Jiang, 2004;Jiang et al, 2004), resulted in only two prefrontal cortical regions, one in rostral ACC and the other in the left IFG.…”

Section: Fmri Correlates Of the Prpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies using fMRI have reported various frontal and parietal regions associated with the PRP (Marois and Ivanoff, 2005), but the results do not appear to converge and strongly depend on the statistical approaches used to test for dual-task-specific effects (Szameitat et al, 2011). Isolating PRP related activity by contrasting dual-task against single-task activity, or alternatively, short SOA against long SOA trials, has highlighted different sets of regions in the lateral frontal, medial frontal, premotor and parietal cerebral cortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing the cortical network underlying the psychological refractory period: A combined EEG–fMRI study

2011

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Section: Eeg Results: Extracted Beta Weightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fmri Correlates Of the Prpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing the cortical network underlying the psychological refractory period: A combined EEG–fMRI study

2011

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“…activation changes with a dual-task coordination contrast [dual 2-back Ϫ (AV single 2-back ϩ VS single 2-back)] (see also Schubert and Szameitat, 2003;Szameitat et al, 2011). With this contrast, we extracted neural activation related exclusively to dual-task coordination.…”

Section: Dual-task Specific Activation Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transfer after Dualn-Back Training Depends on Striatal Activation Change

et al. 2016

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The dual n-back working memory (WM) training paradigm (comprising auditory and visual stimuli) has gained much attention since studies have shown widespread transfer effects. By including a multimodal dual-task component, the task is demanding to the human cognitive system. We investigated whether dual n-back training improves general cognitive resources or a task-specific WM updating process in participants. We expected: (1) widespread transfer effects and the recruitment of a common neuronal network by the training and the transfer tasks and (2) narrower transfer results and that a common activation network alone would not produce transfer, but instead an activation focus on the striatum, which is associated with WM updating processes. The training group showed transfer to an untrained dual-modality WM updating task, but not to single-task versions of the training or the transfer task. They also showed diminished neuronal overlap between the training and the transfer task from pretest to posttest and an increase in striatal activation in both tasks. Furthermore, we found an association between the striatal activation increase and behavioral improvement. The control groups showed no transfer and no change in the amount of activation overlap or in striatal activation from pretest to posttest. We conclude that, instead of improving general cognitive resources (which would have required a transfer effect to all transfer tasks and that a frontal activation overlap between the tasks produced transfer), dual n-back training improved a task-specific process: WM updating of stimuli from two modalities.

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“…DTI typically occurs under one of two paradigms: bisensory and divided attention (Szameitat et al 2011). Under the bisensory paradigm, people engage in two tasks simultaneously, such as walking and talking.…”

Section: Dual-task Interference Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

More Harm Than Good? How Messages That Interrupt Can Make Us Vulnerable

Jenkins

Anderson

Vance

et al. 2016

Information Systems Research

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S ystem-generated alerts are ubiquitous in personal computing and, with the proliferation of mobile devices, daily activity. While these interruptions provide timely information, research shows they come at a high cost in terms of increased stress and decreased productivity. This is due to dual-task interference (DTI), a cognitive limitation in which even simple tasks cannot be simultaneously performed without significant performance loss. Although previous research has examined how DTI impacts the performance of a primary task (the task that was interrupted), no research has examined the effect of DTI on the interrupting task. This is an important gap because in many contexts, failing to heed an alert-the interruption itself-can introduce critical vulnerabilities.Using security messages as our context, we address this gap by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore how (1) DTI occurs in the brain in response to interruptive alerts, (2) DTI influences message security disregard, and (3) the effects of DTI can be mitigated by finessing the timing of the interruption. We show that neural activation is substantially reduced under a condition of high DTI, and the degree of reduction in turn significantly predicts security message disregard. Interestingly, we show that when a message immediately follows a primary task, neural activity in the medial temporal lobe is comparable to when attending to the message is the only task.Further, we apply these findings in an online behavioral experiment in the context of a web-browser warning. We demonstrate a practical way to mitigate the DTI effect by presenting the warning at low-DTI times, and show how mouse cursor tracking and psychometric measures can be used to validate low-DTI times in other contexts.Our findings suggest that although alerts are pervasive in personal computing, they should be bounded in their presentation. The timing of interruptions strongly influences the occurrence of DTI in the brain, which in turn substantially impacts alert disregard. This paper provides a theoretically grounded, cost-effective approach to reduce the effects of DTI for a wide variety of interruptive messages that are important but do not require immediate attention.

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How to test for dual-task-specific effects in brain imaging studies — An evaluation of potential analysis methods

Cited by 43 publications

References 48 publications

Probing the cortical network underlying the psychological refractory period: A combined EEG–fMRI study

Probing the cortical network underlying the psychological refractory period: A combined EEG–fMRI study

Transfer after Dualn-Back Training Depends on Striatal Activation Change

More Harm Than Good? How Messages That Interrupt Can Make Us Vulnerable

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