“…Based on policy analysis in four countries they concluded that European policies 'primarily serve as legitimizing labels for preexisting policy preferences, thus leading to convergence of policy rhetoric and ideas, while allowing for significant diversity of policy instruments and outcomes'. Lipnicka (2015Lipnicka ( , 2016 showed, informed by six case studies about the introduction of the Bologna principles in three countries, that its realisation is dependent on the history of higher education, the formal system, quality assurance in an international environment, funding, student numbers and faculty.…”