A b s t r a c t. This article offers the application of new institutionalism and the Resource Dependence Theory in order to study the transformation of higher education in Europe in accordance with the principles of the Bologna Process. At the start of this article, the most important assumptions of both theories are presented. In the next section, the similarities and differences between both theories are discussed. In the concluding part, some observations are made regarding the application of these theories for the study of changes in universities. Universities are understood here as organizations that respond differently to changes in the institutional environment. The combination of these theories allows us to focus on many different factors that determine the responses to change. It is shown that external factors (for instance, government policy and the economic situation) as well as internal factors (for the same university) may have an effect on the processes of change in universities.

Culture has its source and anchoring in religion, but the presence of religious values in social life takes place in terms of culture and through culture. Religiosity plays a key role in defining the boundaries of cultural differences, and this paper raises questions as to the extent, ways and environments where religiosity may influence active cultural participation. The research paper attempts to identify the impact of religiosity on such activities. This involves determining which dimensions of religiosity should be distinguished and are most relevant for cultural participation in Poland. The study showed that religiosity influences cultural participation, but ambiguously. Religious self-identification and spiritual self-identification turned out to be the most significant factors. Religiosity is relevant for cultural participation, but mainly when it is a significant element of individual identity.

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Z uwagi na coraz większą wielokulturowość oraz przemiany społeczno-ideologiczne w Niderlandachpojawiła się potrzeba zdefiniowania wspólnych wartości dla całego społeczeństwa. W artykule wartościte są analizowane z dwóch perspektyw – przemian historycznych (ok. okresu powstania Republiki,poprzez filaryzację, przemiany lat sześćdziesiątych aż po czasy obecne) oraz stanu obecnego w oparciuo analizę danych zastanych, w tym z badań empirycznych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizymożna uznać, że Holendrzy za swoje wartości wspólne uznają wartości związane z kulturą obywatelskąi demokratyczną, w tym m.in. wolność, równość i solidarność.