How We Can Enhance Spectator Attendance for the Sustainable Development of Sport in the Era of Uncertainty: A Re-Examination of Competitive Balance

Sung, Sang Hun; Hong, Doo‐Seung; Sul, Soo Young

doi:10.3390/su12177086

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…3.1.7 How we can enhance spectator attendance for the sustainable development of sport in the era of uncertainty: A re-examination of competitive balance (Hun Sung et al, 2020).…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of game-level attendance in major league soccer: Outcome uncertainty and absolute quality considerations

Sung

Mills

2018

Sport Management Review

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Hipótesis de la incertidumbre de resultado en deportesEste trabajo presenta la revisión de estudios empíricos, que pusieron a prueba la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado propuesta por Rottenberg (1956), en diferentes deportes y con grupos particulares de espectadores. En primer lugar, se revisan los aspectos teóricos relativos a la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado, el equilibrio competitivo, la incertidumbre del resultado del juego, los determinantes de la asistencia a los deportes, entre otros. Además, considera siete artículos empíricos seleccionados críticamente y los compara en función de variables y resultados compartidos. Este trabajo explora investigaciones realizadas en la Liga Nacional de Hockey, el fútbol alemán, el béisbol coreano, la Major League Soccer, el fútbol holandés y el críquet. El análisis de esta selección concluye con que la mayoría de los estudios rechazan la Hipótesis de la Incertidumbre del Resultado, aunque no represente una conclusión sólida debido a la diversidad de deportes y grupos analizados.

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“…3.1.7 How we can enhance spectator attendance for the sustainable development of sport in the era of uncertainty: A re-examination of competitive balance (Hun Sung et al, 2020).…”

Section: 14mentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of game-level attendance in major league soccer: Outcome uncertainty and absolute quality considerations

Sung

Mills

2018

Sport Management Review

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“…Accordingly, the production and distribution of added value is a tool for reconsidering the company's financial statements from the stakeholders' points of view (see Figure 2). Given that the value-added is mainly generated from broadcasting rights, shirts and merchandise, sponsorship, and matchday revenue, the bulk of customers are expected to be the expenditures of the clubs' supporters on the club [22], the net of running costs. In Figure 2, the distribution of the various restated items of the income statement is clearly linked with the capital contributed by the stakeholders, in the priority order of distribution (classified according to the source of capital to be rewarded by the distribution of the value-added).…”

Section: Materials Methods and Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following clubs therefore constitute the final sample: Borussia Dortmund, Brondby, Celtic, Futebol Clube do Porto, Juventus, Olympique Lyonnais, FC Copenhagen, Sporting Lisboa e Benfica, Sporting Lisboa, Aalborg, AIK, Ajax, AGF, Besiktas, Lazio, Roma, and Silkeborg. The sample considered is thus not only statistically relevant but is also reliable, Given that the value-added is mainly generated from broadcasting rights, shirts and merchandise, sponsorship, and matchday revenue, the bulk of customers are expected to be the expenditures of the clubs' supporters on the club [22], the net of running costs. In Figure 2, the distribution of the various restated items of the income statement is clearly linked with the capital contributed by the stakeholders, in the priority order of distribution (classified according to the source of capital to be rewarded by the distribution of the value-added).…”

Section: Materials Methods and Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring and Monitoring Sustainability in Listed European Football Clubs: A Value-Added Reporting Perspective

et al. 2020

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All sports have their roots and connection in some way to the Olympic spirit, and therefore fall within the vision and mission of the Olympic Committee, which has a central aim of “building a better world”. This is a fundamental value of the Olympics and sustainability is a “working principle” of this. This research analyses the performance of professional European football teams that are publicly listed on stock markets, analysing their income statements and factoring in how the value-added perspective is impacting professional sport. The methodology we use considers the sustainable contribution of the distribution of added value. The Value-Added Statement is considered as a part of broader Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which can be traced back as a concept to the late 1970s. It is still in widespread use and is regarded as being both a credible and a tested measure. In this paper, the authors apply a slightly modified and simplified version of this value-added approach to all publicly listed European football clubs and use these as a proxy for wider professional sport. This research demonstrates that, although most professional sports clubs are profit-oriented, the distribution of wealth generated by the added value is unbalanced. In most cases, at least in financial terms, the data shows shareholders are the most disadvantaged, whereas athletes are the most rewarded.

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“…Sung et al [25] have suggested that they look for variables that affect how fans in Korean professional baseball league get involved for long-term growth. It examines the uncertainty-of-outcome theory by examining how competitive balance (CB) affects stadium seat occupancy.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Seating Arrangement in Sports Competition Venues Based on Recurrent Graph Neural Network

Zhong Wu

2024

jes

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Seating in sports venues is a type of seating where rows are much more frequent than in other types of auditorium seating. Traditional seating looks to maximize capacity over fan experience. The stadium experience can be enhanced by recommending appropriate seating by viewer’s preferences and past behavior. Group customers would want to sit together when they go to a sports arena, but sometimes there are not enough seats available together. This study's methodology for improving viewing experience by optimizing seating arrangement using game type, historical ticket sales and opponent team is offered in this study as a way to get around this drawback. The data are collected from Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena seating dataset. Afterward, the data are fed to pre-processing. In pre-processing segment, the noise is removed and data is enhanced using Adaptive Robust Cubature Kalman Filter (ARCKF). The outcome from the pre-processing data is transferred to the Recurrent Graph Neural Network (RecGNN).The reserved seating, bowl seating and stadium seating are successfully classified by using RecGNN. RecGNN's weight parameter is optimized by the Lotus Effect Optimization Algorithm (LEA). On the Python working platform, the proposed RecGNN-LEA is implemented. The proposed strategy is analyzed using performance measures including recall, f1-score, accuracy, precision, and computation time. RecGNN's weight parameter is optimized by the Lotus Effect Optimization Algorithm (LEA). On the Python working platform, the proposed RecGNN-LEA is implemented. The proposed method is analyzed using performance measures including recall, f1-score, accuracy, precision, and computation time. The gained results of the proposed RecGNN-LEA method attains higher accuracy of 16.61%, 18.89%, and 17.92%, higher sensitivity of 16.37%, 12.23%, and 18.56% and higher precision of 14.81%, 16.79%, and 18.23%. The proposed SASCV-RecGNN-LEA method is compared with the existing methods such as SASCV-CNN, SASCV-LaRSA, and SASCV-TDNN models respectively.

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How We Can Enhance Spectator Attendance for the Sustainable Development of Sport in the Era of Uncertainty: A Re-Examination of Competitive Balance

Cited by 3 publications

References 61 publications

Estimation of game-level attendance in major league soccer: Outcome uncertainty and absolute quality considerations

Estimation of game-level attendance in major league soccer: Outcome uncertainty and absolute quality considerations

Measuring and Monitoring Sustainability in Listed European Football Clubs: A Value-Added Reporting Perspective

Optimization of Seating Arrangement in Sports Competition Venues Based on Recurrent Graph Neural Network

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