How Werner Güth's ultimatum game shaped our understanding of social behavior

Damme, Eric E. van; Binmore, Ken; Roth, Alvin E.; Samuelson, Larry; Winter, Eyal; Bolton, Gary; Ockenfels, Axel; Dufwenberg, Martin; Kirchsteiger, Georg; Gneezy, Uri; Kocher, Martin G.; Sutter, Matthias; Sanfey, Alan G.; Kliemt, Hartmut; Selten, Reinhard; Nagel, Rosemarie; Azar, Ofer H.

doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2014.10.014

Cited by 57 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…While the early results on bargaining behavior of children in versions of the ultimatum game in Murnighan and Saxon (1998) and the public goods game in Harbaugh and Krause (2002) are not fully conclusive when it comes to pro-social behavior and age, later papers mostly provide clear patterns. Harbaugh et al (2003a) show that offers and transfers in ultimatum and dictator games increase with age, and Benenson et al (2007) report similar developments for a dictator game and for children at a younger age-a finding in line with Gummerum et al (2010), using stickers in a dictator game (for a survey of bargaining experiments with children and adolescents, see Van Damme et al, 2014). Angerer et al (2015) provide evidence for a very large sample (more than 1000 children aged seven to eleven years) that also exhibits an increasing inclination with age to donate money to a real charity.…”

Section: Mechanisms That "Explain" Trust and Trustworthinesssupporting

confidence: 55%

How Trust in Social Dilemmas Evolves with Age

Kocher¹

2017

Oxford Scholarship Online

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While trust and trustworthiness provide a fundamental foundation for human relationships, little is known about how trusting and trustworthy behavior in social dilemmas is related to age and aging. A few papers use data from surveys such as the World Values Survey to address a potential connection between trust and age. In this chapter, we will mainly focus on trusting and trustworthy behavior elicited with the use of the seminal trust game (Berg et al., 1995) and with games implementing a similar incentivized interaction structure. The results suggest that trust and trustworthiness increase with young age until adolescence. Trustworthiness reaches the level of adults at an earlier age (at around 15-16 years of age) than trusting behavior (around adulthood). Survey results differ from incentivized experiments when it comes to a potential development of trust in adulthood. The former indicate a steady rise in trust levels at a small rate when becoming older, whereas the latter show a decline, starting at an age of about 60 years. JEL Code: C72; C91.

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Section: Mechanisms That "Explain" Trust and Trustworthinesssupporting

confidence: 55%

How Trust in Social Dilemmas Evolves with Age

Kocher¹

2017

Oxford Scholarship Online

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“…Camerer (2003) e Damme et al (2014) lembram que a utilização de Jogos como estratégia metodológica tem como objetivo lançar luz sobre a interação humana em situações de simulação, sendo os jogos entendidos como modelos simplificados da realidade.…”

Section: Resultados Da Regressão Para Oferta Do Proponente Como Variáunclassified

“…A utilização de Jogos como estratégia metodológica tem como objetivo lançar luz sobre a interação humana em situações de simulação, sendo os Jogos entendidos como modelos simplificados da realidade (Camerer, 2003;Damme et al, 2014). Para Fabre, Causse, Pesciarelli e Cacciari (2016), o JU tem proporcionado um meio eficiente para avaliar o papel das preferências sociais no processo decisório.…”

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A Influência do Gênero no Processo Decisório: O Jogo do Ultimato

et al. 2017

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Resumo Este artigo analisa as diferenças de gênero no processo decisório por meio de uma abordagem metodológica ainda pouco utilizada no Brasil, embora reconhecida pela academia internacional: o experimento econômico, mais especificamente o Jogo do Ultimato, que pertence ao escopo da Teoria dos Jogos. A condução desse experimento envolveu 320 participantes divididos em 5 subgrupos moderados pelo gênero. Os resultados mostraram que, no processo de interação entre indivíduos, a função utilidade deve ser compreendida não apenas com base na premissa da maximização dos resultados econômicos, mas levar em conta as preferências sociais do indivíduo. Assim, um dos principais achados foi identificar maior propensão masculina à rejeição de propostas advindas de mulheres, não obstante serem essas propostas comparativamente mais generosas. Além disso, foi observado que as mulheres tendem a ser mais generosas em suas ofertas em comparação aos homens. Tais achados são inéditos para o Brasil e podem ser um indicador da influência do gênero sobre o processo decisório, com importantes repercussões para o ambiente organizacional.

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“…In this game, a Proposer is asked to divide a sum of money (the 'pie') between themselves and a Responder, who then chooses whether to accept or reject the proposed division. An iterated UG (iUG), then, allows for varying expressions of reciprocity to unfold during a simulated real-world dyadic interaction (Avrahami, Güth, Hertwig, Kareev, & Otsubo, 2013; van Damme et al, 2014). When played in a typical one-shot format, whereby the game ends after the Responder accepts or rejects a single proposal, modal offers are around 40% of the pie.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social decision‐making in the brain: Input‐state‐output modelling reveals patterns of effective connectivity underlying reciprocal choices

Shaw

Czekóová

Gajdoš

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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During social interactions, decision‐making involves mutual reciprocity—each individual's choices are simultaneously a consequence of, and antecedent to those of their interaction partner. Neuroeconomic research has begun to unveil the brain networks underpinning social decision‐making, but we know little about the patterns of neural connectivity within them that give rise to reciprocal choices. To investigate this, the present study measured the behaviour and brain function of pairs of individuals (N = 66) whilst they played multiple rounds of economic exchange comprising an iterated ultimatum game. During these exchanges, both players could attempt to maximise their overall monetary gain by reciprocating their opponent's prior behaviour—they could promote generosity by rewarding it, and/or discourage unfair play through retaliation. By adapting a model of reciprocity from experimental economics, we show that players' choices on each exchange are captured accurately by estimating their expected utility (EU) as a reciprocal reaction to their opponent's prior behaviour. We then demonstrate neural responses that map onto these reciprocal choices in two brain regions implicated in social decision‐making: right anterior insula (AI) and anterior/anterior‐mid cingulate cortex (aMCC). Finally, with behavioural Dynamic Causal Modelling, we identified player‐specific patterns of effective connectivity between these brain regions with which we estimated each player's choices with over 70% accuracy; namely, bidirectional connections between AI and aMCC that are modulated differentially by estimates of EU from our reciprocity model. This input‐state‐output modelling procedure therefore reveals systematic brain–behaviour relationships associated with the reciprocal choices characterising interactive social decision‐making.

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How Werner Güth's ultimatum game shaped our understanding of social behavior

Cited by 57 publications

References 75 publications

How Trust in Social Dilemmas Evolves with Age

How Trust in Social Dilemmas Evolves with Age

A Influência do Gênero no Processo Decisório: O Jogo do Ultimato

Social decision‐making in the brain: Input‐state‐output modelling reveals patterns of effective connectivity underlying reciprocal choices

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