How wind turbines affect the performance of seismic monitoring stations and networks

Neuffer, Tobias; Kremers, S.

doi:10.1093/gji/ggx370

Cited by 32 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The results of this study demonstrate that seismic arrays can be used to detect and quantify flight parameters of aircrafts (these should include low flying and stealth airplanes that evade radar detection). The presented results contribute to the growing recognition of different types of surface and atmospheric events (e.g., car traffic, trains, storms, wind turbines, and air traffic) producing signals that are contained in observed seismograms (e.g., Eibl et al, ; Fuchs & Bokelmann, ; Neuffer & Kremers, ; Salvermoser et al, ; Tanimoto & Valovcin, ). In the study area near Anza California, the total duration of air traffic signals (> 7% of the day) is likely larger than the duration covered by earthquake signals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Characteristics of Airplanes and Helicopters Recorded by a Dense Seismic Array Near Anza California

Meng

Ben‐Zion

2018

JGR Solid Earth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We observe frequent air traffic events in continuous seismic waveforms recorded for about 30 days by 1,108 vertical geophones in a tight array on the San Jacinto fault zone. The waveforms of the air traffic events resemble tremor or collections of small earthquakes. However, time‐frequency analysis reveals clear Doppler effects that can be modeled with basic equations and fitted well with parameters corresponding to airplanes and helicopters. The flying traces can be inverted by fitting the parameters at each station across the entire array. About 31 air traffic events are detected per day in the relatively remote study area, with peak activity from about 8:00 to 18:00 and significantly fewer events between 23:00 and 4:00 local time. The average event duration is about 200 s, so they cover together >7% of the day. To estimate the total time covered by earthquakes, we derive a scaling relation logτ(M) = 0.41M + 0.89 between earthquake duration and magnitudes using data of 266 earthquakes in the magnitude range 0 ≤ M ≤ 3. The results indicate that in most places, the duration of air traffic events is likely to exceed considerably the total time covered by earthquakes.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Characteristics of Airplanes and Helicopters Recorded by a Dense Seismic Array Near Anza California

Meng

Ben‐Zion

2018

JGR Solid Earth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The interpretations may result in more adapted strategies to reduce WT vibrations and thus help for improved structural health and structural health monitoring. In addition, damping of WT vibrations should reduce ground motion emissions and thus mitigate the disturbances of sensitive measurements near to WTs . The latter is crucial for permitting new WTs, eg, in the vicinity of seismic recording stations, which have protection radii as wide as 5 km due to too high emission amplitudes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clear differences between the two recording sites can be observed in the frequency spectra due to propagation effects. The amplitude decay of the induced seismic signals was already analyzed by previous studies and is beyond the scope of the present study. Nevertheless, we show the seismic data of the station WD01A to underline the impact of the induced seismic signals on nearby seismic stations.…”

Section: Seismic Signals On Top Of the Wt Foundationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Simultaneous identification of wind turbine vibrations by using seismic data, elastic modeling and laser Doppler vibrometry

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This work compares continuous seismic ground motion recordings over several months on top of the foundation and in the near field of a wind turbine (WT) at Pfinztal, Germany, with numerical tower vibration simulations and simultaneous optical measurements. We are able to distinguish between the excitation of eigenfrequencies of the tower‐nacelle system and the influence of the blade rotation on seismic data by analyzing different wind and turbine conditions. We can allocate most of the major spectral peaks to either different bending modes of the tower, flapwise, and edgewise bending modes of the blades or multiples of the blade‐passing frequency after comparing seismic recordings with tower simulation models. These simulations of dynamic properties of the tower are based on linear modal analysis performed with finite beam elements. To validate our interpretations of the comparison of seismic recordings and simulations, we use optical measurements of a laser Doppler vibrometer at the tower of the turbine at a height of about 20 m. The calculated power spectrum of the tower vibrations confirms our interpretation of the seismic peaks regarding the tower bending modes. This work gives a new understanding of the source mechanisms of WT‐induced ground motions and their influence on seismic data by using an interdisciplinary approach. Thus, our results may be used for structural health purposes as well as the development of structural damping methods, which can also reduce ground motion emissions from WTs. Furthermore, it demonstrates how numerical simulations of wind turbines can be validated by using seismic recordings and laser Doppler vibrometry.

show abstract

“…Such violations of the assumption of stationary noise sources might be avoided by using repeating and localized seismic sources, similar to repeating earthquakes that are being used for coda wave interferometry (Snieder, 2006). Environmental seismological research has identified a vast amount of such sources (Larose et al, 2015), e.g., river noise (Burtin et al, 2011), tremors in the cryosphere (Bartholomaus et al, 2015), and anthropogentic structures (Saccorotti et al, 2011;Neuffer and Kremers, 2017). 20 In this study we explore the potential of the HVSR method for permafrost active layer monitoring using continuous seismic noise records of several months from a temporary seismic deployment close to Ny Ålesund on the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard ( Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentials and pitfalls of permafrost active layer monitoring using the HVSR method: A case study in Svalbard

Köhler¹,

Weidle²

2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Time-lapse monitoring of the sub-surface using ambient seismic noise is a popular method in environmental seismology. We assess the reliability of the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) method for monitoring seasonal permafrost active layer variability in northwest Svalbard. We observe complex HVSR variability between 1 and 50 Hz in the record of a temporary seismic deployment covering frozen and thawn soil conditions between April and August 2016. While strong variations are due to changing noise conditions, mainly affected by wind speed and degrading coupling of instruments during 5 melt season, a seasonal trend is observed at some stations that has most likely a sub-surface structural cause. A HVSR peak emerges close to the Nyquist frequency (50 Hz) in beginning of June which is then gradually gliding down, reaching frequencies of about 15-25 Hz in the end of August. This observation is consistent with HVSR forward-modeling for a set of structural models that simulate different stages of active layer thawing. Our results reveal a number of potential pitfalls when interpreting HVSRs and suggest a careful analysis of temporal variations since HVSR seasonality is not necessarily related to changes in 10 the sub-surface. We compile a list of recommendations for future experiments, including comments on network layouts suitable for array beamforming and waveform correlation methods that can provide essential information on noise source variability. In addition, we investigate if effects of changing noise sources on HVSRs can be avoided by utilizing a directional, narrow-band (4.5 Hz) repeating seismic tremor which is observed at the permanent seismic broadband station KBS in the study area. A significant change of the radial component HVSR shape during summer months is observed for all tremors. We show that a 15 thawn active layer with very low seismic velocities would affect Rayleigh wave ellipticities in the tremor frequency band.

show abstract

How wind turbines affect the performance of seismic monitoring stations and networks

Cited by 32 publications

References 7 publications

Characteristics of Airplanes and Helicopters Recorded by a Dense Seismic Array Near Anza California

Characteristics of Airplanes and Helicopters Recorded by a Dense Seismic Array Near Anza California

Simultaneous identification of wind turbine vibrations by using seismic data, elastic modeling and laser Doppler vibrometry

Potentials and pitfalls of permafrost active layer monitoring using the HVSR method: A case study in Svalbard

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About