How young trees cope with removal of whole or parts of shoots: An analysis of local and distant responses to pruning in 1‐year‐old apple (<i>Malus</i> ×<i>domestica</i>; Rosaceae) trees

Fumey, Damien; Lauri, Pierre‐Éric; Guédon, Yann; Godin, Christophe; Costes, Evelyne

doi:10.3732/ajb.1000231

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In general, 2-year-old shoots in all pruning treatments developed proleptic shoots in every zone, except for the two basal zones in short-and intermediate-pruned shoots, and the three basal zones in long-pruned shoots. The lack of proleptic shoots in these basal zones comports with the concept of an acrotonic gradient being restored after pruning (Barlow and Hancock 1960;Mika 1986;Fumey et al 2011). Thus the proleptic shoot lengths decreased from the apical to the basal ends of the shoots, and therefore only spurs developed from the vegetative buds located in the basal zones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Apical growth and axillary meristem fates are determined by the genetic background of trees, internal competition for resources and external limitations imposed by the environment. In the case of apical growth, which results from the initiation of new organs produced by the apical meristem (Barthélémy and Caraglio 2007), differences have been found among cultivars and the same cultivars growing on different rootstocks (Weibel et al 2003), as well as among horticultural practices applied to different species (Millard and Neilsen 1989;Berman and DeJong 1997;Fumey et al 2011). Axillary meristems (embryonic cells formed in the axils of the initiated leaf) may develop different fates (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have reported that heading dormant shoots (pruning off the terminal ends of shoots) releases axillary meristems from apical control, inducing the outgrowth of lateral shoots on the 2-year-old pruned shoot (Barlow and Hancock 1960;Elfving 1990;Fumey et al 2011). Subsequent lateral shoot growth is more vigorous than in unpruned trees (Maggs 1965;Mika 1976;Jonkers 1982;Fumey et al 2011), leading to longer shoots as pruning severity increases (Jonkers 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subsequent lateral shoot growth is more vigorous than in unpruned trees (Maggs 1965;Mika 1976;Jonkers 1982;Fumey et al 2011), leading to longer shoots as pruning severity increases (Jonkers 1982). However, the number of lateral shoots on 1-year-old regrowth shoots has been found to be similar to that of primary 1-year-old unpruned shoots (Fumey et al 2011). This result supports the concept of 'reiteration' (Hallé et al 1978), which was defined as the process whereby a new shoot repeats the basic components of the shoot from which it originated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How different pruning severities alter shoot structure: a modelling approach in young ‘Nonpareil’ almond trees

Negrón

Contador

Lampinen

et al. 2015

Functional Plant Biol.

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Axillary meristem fate patterns along shoots, also referred to as shoot structure, appear to be fairly consistent among trees within a genotype growing under similar conditions. Less is known about shoot structural plasticity following external manipulations, such as pruning. The aim of this study on almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.)) shoots was to investigate how pruning severity affects the structure of 1-year-old shoots that grew after pruning (regrowth shoots), the 2-year-old portion of shoots that remained from the previous year's growth after pruning (pruned shoots), and whether regrowth shoots reiterate the structure of the original 1-year-old shoots before pruning. Three pruning severities were imposed and the structures along the different shoots were assessed by building hidden semi-Markov models of axillary meristem fates. The structures of regrowth and pruned shoots depended on pruning severity, but maintained some of the original shoot characteristics. Regrowth shoots developed more complex structures with severe pruning, but had simpler structures than original shoots indicating progressive simplification with tree age. Pruned shoot structures were affected by the severity of pruning, by the structure when the shoots were 1 year old, and probably by local competition among buds. Changes in structure due to pruning can be modelled and be predictable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How different pruning severities alter shoot structure: a modelling approach in young ‘Nonpareil’ almond trees

Negrón

Contador

Lampinen

et al. 2015

Functional Plant Biol.

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“…Stephan et al [7] analyzed the effect of pruning intensity on apple tree architecture and Gordon & Dejong [8] studied the effect of sprouts removal and fruit crop on P LS. Fumey et al [9], in a comprehensive experimental study, analyzed the consequences of different pruning practices on tree branching in apple trees. They found that pruning enhanced vegetative growth and decreased flowering, yet they did not provide a quantitative model to predict the consequences of different practices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Model to Predict the Probability of a Peach (Prunus persicae) Tree Bud to Develop as a Long or Short Shoot as a Consequence of Winter Pruning Intensity and Previous Year Growth

Bevacqua¹,

Génard²,

Lescourret³

2012

PLoS ONE

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In many woody plants, shoots emerging from buds can develop as short or long shoots. The probability of a bud to develop as a long or short shoot relies upon genetic, environmental and management factors and controlling it is an important issue in commercial orchard. We use peach (Prunus persicae) trees, subjected to different winter pruning levels and monitored for two years, to develop and calibrate a model linking the probability of a bud to develop as a long shoot to winter pruning intensity and previous year vegetative growth. Eventually we show how our model can be used to adjust pruning intensity to obtain a desired proportion of long and short shoots.

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Impact of simulated mechanical hedge pruning and wood age on new shoot demography and return flowering in olive trees

Albarracín

Hall

Searles

et al. 2018

Trees

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Key message More vigorous watersprouts and fewer low vigor shoots form as wood age increases at the cutting points with greater canopy pruning depth in olive trees, which reduces return flowering. Such information is relevant to long-term olive orchard pruning strategies in hedgerows. Abstract Demographic analysis of growth responses to pruning in fruit trees seeks the quantification of the typology of new shoots originating from the remaining branches. Pruning of hedgerows using mechanical discs is becoming increasingly common in orchards, but little information is available as to how such pruning, which does not discriminate between branch size, wood age at the cutting point, branch type, or position, modifies subsequent new shoot demography. Hence, the experiment described in this study in young olive trees (cv. Arbequina) assessed the following questions: (1) Is the type and growth of new shoots associated with the intensity of mechanical pruning and/or the wood age on which they grow? (2) How many growing seasons does it take for new shoots formed after pruning to flower? The principal hypothesis was that a greater proportion of vigorous watersprouts form compared to low vigor shoots as wood age at the cutting points increases with canopy pruning depth, and that the watersprouts have low flowering potential. Both new shoot growth and return flowering were monitored on exposed supporting wood over several growing seasons after implementing three winter (25W, 50W, and 75W) pruning levels of increasing intensity and one summer pruning (75S) treatment along with an unpruned control (CON). As hypothesized, a greater number and elongation of vigorous watersprouts were found as wood age increased at the cutting points with greater winter pruning intensity, and the watersprouts had low levels of return flowering even 3 full years after pruning compared to the CON. Growth of low vigor shoots was relatively more important than watersprout growth in the severe summer pruning treatment, although 3 years after the summer pruning flowering was not fully recovered. In contrast, the more lightly pruned winter treatments (25W, 50W) did not show significant differences in flowering with the CON at the end of 3 years. Thus, mechanical hedge pruning in olive trees should be light-to-moderate to avoid the formation of watersprouts on older wood, which leads to long-term reductions in flowering.

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How young trees cope with removal of whole or parts of shoots: An analysis of local and distant responses to pruning in 1‐year‐old apple (Malus ×domestica; Rosaceae) trees

Cited by 29 publications

References 59 publications

How different pruning severities alter shoot structure: a modelling approach in young ‘Nonpareil’ almond trees

How different pruning severities alter shoot structure: a modelling approach in young ‘Nonpareil’ almond trees

A Simple Model to Predict the Probability of a Peach (Prunus persicae) Tree Bud to Develop as a Long or Short Shoot as a Consequence of Winter Pruning Intensity and Previous Year Growth

Impact of simulated mechanical hedge pruning and wood age on new shoot demography and return flowering in olive trees

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