HPV Type-Specific Prevalence a Decade after the Implementation of the Vaccination Program: Results from a Pilot Study

Fappani, Clara; Bianchi, Silvia; Panatto, Donatella; Petrelli, Fabio; Colzani, Daniela; Scuri, Stefania; Gori, María; Amendola, Antonella; Grappasonni, Iolanda; Tanzi, Elisabetta; Amicizia, Daniela

doi:10.3390/vaccines9040336

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…One study examining 1300 HPV-associated cancers [ 44 ] suggested infection by different HPV types is unrelated and independent. However, overall evidence, including data from randomised controlled trials, cohort studies and mathematical models, have suggested HPV types are synergistic, meaning any vaccine which decreases the prevalence of vaccine-types will lead to a reduction in infections by other types [ 38 , 39 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of HPV 51 in an Unvaccinated Population and Implications for HPV Vaccines

et al. 2022

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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is detected in 99.7% of cervical cancers. Current vaccines target types 16 and 18. Prior to vaccination implementation, a prospective cohort study was conducted to determine baseline HPV prevalence in unvaccinated women in Wales; after HPV16 and HPV18, HPV 51 was found to be most prevalent. This study aimed to re-assess the unexpected high prevalence of HPV 51 and consider its potential for type-replacement. Two hundred HPV 51 positive samples underwent re-analysis by repeating the original methodology using HPV 51 GP5+/6+ PCR-enzyme immunoassay, and additionally a novel assay of HPV 51 E7 PCR. Data were correlated with age, social deprivation and cytology. Direct repeat of HPV 51 PCR-EIA identified 146/195 (75.0%) samples as HPV 51 positive; E7 PCR identified 166/195 (85.1%) samples as HPV 51 positive. HPV 51 prevalence increased with cytological grade. The prevalence of HPV 51 in the pre-vaccinated population was truly high. E7 DNA assays may offer increased specificity for HPV genotyping. Cross-protection of current vaccines against less-prevalent HPV types warrants further study. This study highlights the need for longitudinal investigation into the prevalence of non-vaccine HPV types, especially those phylogenetically different to vaccine types for potential type-replacement. Ongoing surveillance will inform future vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of HPV 51 in an Unvaccinated Population and Implications for HPV Vaccines

et al. 2022

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“…Real-life evidence of HPV vaccine effectiveness has become increasingly evident, especially in females vaccinated before sexual exposure to HPV [ 43 ]. In our study, the modeling analysis, adjusting for 4vHPV immunization before initiating sexual activity, showed that cases were 32% less likely to have higher antibody titers than controls (OR = 1.47, p = 0.08).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-HPV16 Antibody Titers Prior to an Incident Cervical HPV16/31 Infection

Gradíssimo

Shankar

Wiek

et al. 2021

Viruses

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The goal of this study was to investigate the serological titers of circulating antibodies against human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 (anti-HPV16) prior to the detection of an incident HPV16 or HPV31 infection amongst vaccinated participants. Patients were selected from a prospective post-HPV vaccine longitudinal cohort at Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center in Manhattan, NY. We performed a nested case–control study of 43 cases with incident detection of cervical HPV16 (n = 26) or HPV31 (n = 17) DNA who had completed the full set of immunizations of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV). Two control individuals whom had received three doses of the vaccine (HPV16/31-negative) were selected per case, matched on age at the first dose of vaccination and follow-up time in the study: a random control, and a high-risk control that was in the upper quartile of a sexual risk behavior score. We conducted an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies specific to anti-HPV16 virus-like particles (VLPs). The results suggest that the average log antibody titers were higher among high-risk controls than the HPV16/31 incident cases and the randomly selected controls. We show a prospective association between anti-HPV16 VLP titers and the acquisition of an HPV16/31 incident infection post-receiving three doses of 4vHPV vaccine.

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“…The sample size was calculated according to the data reported by other studies in Iran 12 - 14 and measured with the following equation considering a 95% confidence interval with an absolute precision of ± 5%. 15 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Tehran, Iran

2022

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Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical cancer worldwide. Knowledge of the geographical distribution and epidemiology of the most common HPV genotypes is a crucial step in developing prevention strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate HPV genotype distribution among HPV-positive women and men in Tehran, Iran. Study Design: A case series study. Methods: The study was performed on 219 HPV-positive individuals (160 females and 59 males) from Tehran, Iran. Samples were obtained from the cervix and vagina of female subjects and the genital warts of male subjects. DNA was extracted from samples, and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-reverse dot blot genotyping chip was used to examine HPV genotypes. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples of 51 patients from the study population were also included in this study. Results: The proportion of high-risk (HR)-HPV was 67.12%. The most common HR-HPV types were HR-HPV16 (17.4%), HR-HPV68 (11.4%), and HR-HPV51 (7.8%). The most common low-risk (LR)-HPV types included LR-HPV6 (31.1%), LR-HPV81 (11.9%), and LR-HPV62 (11.4%). The highest prevalence of HPV was in the age group of > 30 years (42.9%). Co-infection with multiple HR-HPV types was observed in 22.4% of specimens. Moreover, HR-HPV was found in 50% of women with normal cytology, 100% with a low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and 84.61% with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. Conclusion: The results indicated the remarkable growth of HR-HPV68, which has rarely been reported in Iran. The findings add knowledge to HPV epidemiological investigation and emphasize the need for introducing educational programs in high schools and appropriate vaccination in Iran.

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HPV Type-Specific Prevalence a Decade after the Implementation of the Vaccination Program: Results from a Pilot Study

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

High Prevalence of HPV 51 in an Unvaccinated Population and Implications for HPV Vaccines

High Prevalence of HPV 51 in an Unvaccinated Population and Implications for HPV Vaccines

Anti-HPV16 Antibody Titers Prior to an Incident Cervical HPV16/31 Infection

Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Tehran, Iran

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