HRT, a Novel Zinc Finger, Transcriptional Repressor from Barley

Raventós, Dora; Skriver, Karen; Schlein, Morten; Karnahl, Klaus; Rogers, Sally W.; Rogers, John C.; Mundy, John

doi:10.1074/jbc.273.36.23313

Cited by 77 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition, Chx plus GA 3 caused a 4-fold increase in high-pI ␣-amylase mRNA abundance under conditions in which GA 3 treatment alone gave a 12-fold increase. These results in general provide support for a recently proposed model by which GA 3 /ABA might regulate transcription (Raventó s et al, 1998), where loss of repression, an early result of GA 3 treatment, would allow a certain level of transcription, whereas later effects of GA signaling would increase transcription by recruiting positive factors to the promoter. Our data indicate that loss of a short-lived protein by inhibiting protein synthesis with Chx, in either the absence (for GAR-RNase) or the presence (for high-pI ␣-amylase), results in increased abundance of both RNase and ␣-amylase mRNA.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

“…This model would not exclude the possibility that additional transcription factors could then be recruited to the derepressed promoter by GA 3 to further increase the level of expression. One advantage of the second model is that it would explain the antagonistic effects of ABA by proposing that ABA would stabilize the repressor on the promoter (Raventó s et al, 1998). It will be important to test the ␣-amylase-derived models by discerning hormonal regulation of other genes expressed in aleurone cells, and results presented here represent a step toward that goal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this role, GAMyb is proposed to be the "master regulator" of the system (Gubler et al, 1995(Gubler et al, , 1997. A second model proposes that a transcriptional repressor, HRT, interacts with the GARE sequences and prevents transcription in the absence of GA 3 : The primary action of that hormone is to cause loss of transcriptional repression, perhaps by physical displacement of the HRT protein (Raventó s et al, 1998). This model would not exclude the possibility that additional transcription factors could then be recruited to the derepressed promoter by GA 3 to further increase the level of expression.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cloning and Characterization of a Gibberellin-Induced RNase Expressed in Barley Aleurone Cells1

Rogers

1999

Plant Physiology

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We cloned a cDNA for a gibberellin-induced ribonuclease (RNase) expressed in barley (Hordeum vulgare) aleurone and the gene for a second barley RNase expressed in leaf tissue. The protein encoded by the cDNA is unique among RNases described to date in that it contains a novel 23-amino acid insert between the C2 and C3 conserved sequences. Expression of the recombinant protein in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension-cultured protoplasts gave an active RNase of the expected size, confirming the enzymatic activity of the protein. Analyses of hormone regulation of expression of mRNA for the aleurone RNase revealed that, like the pattern for ␣-amylase, mRNA levels increased in the presence of gibberellic acid, and its antagonist abscisic acid prevented this effect. Quantitative studies at early times demonstrated that cycloheximide treatment of aleurone layers increased mRNA levels 4-fold, whereas a combination of gibberellin plus cycloheximide treatment was required to increase ␣-amylase mRNA levels to the same extent. These results are consistent with loss of repression as an initial effect of gibberellic acid on transcription of those genes, although the regulatory pathways for the two genes may differ.

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confidence: 84%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Cloning and Characterization of a Gibberellin-Induced RNase Expressed in Barley Aleurone Cells1

Rogers

1999

Plant Physiology

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“…S4, A and B). Genes belonging to growth-regulating factor, homeobox domain-containing, HRT domain-containing, and lateral organ boundaries families, which are involved in the regulation of cell expansion or differentiation, hormone response, or organ development (Raventós et al, 1998;Kappen, 2000;Kim et al, 2003;Husbands et al, 2007), are consistently enriched in higher expressed TFs, as well as LG1, which presents specific expression in the lamina joint (Supplemental Fig. S4B).…”

Section: Expression Profile Of Tfs and Protein Kinases In The Lamina mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Cytology and Transcriptional Regulation of Rice Lamina Joint Development

2017

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Rice (Oryza sativa) leaf angle is determined by lamina joint and is an important agricultural trait determining leaf erectness and, hence, the photosynthesis efficiency and grain yield. Genetic studies reveal a complex regulatory network of lamina joint development; however, the morphological changes, cytological transitions, and underlying transcriptional programming remain to be elucidated. A systemic morphological and cytological study reveals a dynamic developmental process and suggests a common but distinct regulation of the lamina joint. Successive and sequential cell division and expansion, cell wall thickening, and programmed cell death at the adaxial or abaxial sides form the cytological basis of the lamina joint, and the increased leaf angle results from the asymmetric cell proliferation and elongation. Analysis of the gene expression profiles at four distinct developmental stages ranging from initiation to senescence showed that genes related to cell division and growth, hormone synthesis and signaling, transcription (transcription factors), and protein phosphorylation (protein kinases) exhibit distinct spatiotemporal patterns during lamina joint development. Phytohormones play crucial roles by promoting cell differentiation and growth at early stages or regulating the maturation and senescence at later stages, which is consistent with the quantitative analysis of hormones at different stages. Further comparison with the gene expression profile of leaf inclination1, a mutant with decreased auxin and increased leaf angle, indicates the coordinated effects of hormones in regulating lamina joint. These results reveal a dynamic cytology of rice lamina joint that is fine-regulated by multiple factors, providing informative clues for illustrating the regulatory mechanisms of leaf angle and plant architecture.

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“…The ratio of OsWRKY51/OsWRKY71 to GAMYB is low, so that GAMYB competes against the inhibitory effect of OsWRKY51 and OsWRKY71, leading to a high level of α-amylase gene expression. Obviously, this is an over-simplified model because it does not consider other activators, such as OsDOF3 (Washio 2003), RAMY (Peng et al 2004), and OsMYBS1/OsMYBS2 (Lu et al 2002), as well as other repressors, such as KGM (for kinase associated with GAMYB; Woodger et al 2003) and HRT (for Hordeum repressor of transcription; Raventós et al 1998). Nevertheless, this model gives us new insights about how multiple transcription factors coordinate to fine tune Amy32b expression triggered by different signals.…”

Section: Roles In Seed Development and Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The WRKY Gene Family in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Roß

Liu

Shen

2007

JIPB

370

290

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WRKY genes encode transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of various biological processes. These zinc-finger proteins, especially those members mediating stress responses, are uniquely expanded in plants. To facilitate the study of the evolutionary history and functions of this supergene family, we performed an exhaustive search for WRKY genes using HMMER and a Hidden Markov Model that was specifically trained for rice. This work resulted in a comprehensive list of WRKY gene models in Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica and L. ssp. japonica. Mapping of these genes to individual chromosomes facilitated elimination of the redundant, leading to the identification of 98 WRKY genes in japonica and 102 in indica rice. These genes were further categorized according to the number and structure of their zinc-finger domains. Based on a phylogenetic tree of the conserved WRKY domains and the graphic display of WRKY loci on corresponding indica and japonica chromosomes, we identified possible WRKY gene duplications within, and losses between the two closely related rice subspecies. Also reviewed are the roles of WRKY genes in disease resistance and responses to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, seed development and germination mediated by gibberellins, other developmental processes including senescence, and responses to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid in rice and other plants. The signaling pathways mediating WRKY gene expression are also discussed. Available online at www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/toc/jipb, www.jipb.net Plants, because of their inability to escape predation or environmental changes, have evolved strategies to tolerate and adapt to biotic and abiotic stresses. Biotic stresses, such as fungal, bacterial, and viral challenges, and abiotic stresses, such as drought, cold, wounding, and salinity, are sensed through a complex signal transduction network and result in physiological, biochemical, and gene expression changes (Kunkel and Brooks 2002;Singh et al. 2002; Mahalingam et al. 2003; Katagiri 2004). Families of transcription factors, central to this process, have uniquely expanded and evolved in plants to coordinate gene expression. The WRKY class of zinc-finger proteins, similar to the ethylene-responsive-element binding factors (ERF) (Gutterson and Reuber 2004), DNA binding one finger (Dof;Yanagisawa 2002Yanagisawa , 2004 and basic domain leucine zipper (bZIP;Siberil et al. 2001; Jakoby et al. 2002) families, is a family of proteins that contains many members that mediate plant stress responses (previously reviewed in Eulgem et al. 2000;Ulker and Somssich 2004). In the present review, we present the signature and domain of the WRKY genes, their distribution and evolution history, comprehensive analyses of rice WRKY family, and the regulation and functions of WRKY genes in rice and other plants. The WRKY Signature and DomainWRKY domains were initially defined by a nearly 60 amino acid long motif possessing the well-conserved amino acid signature WRKYGQK at their N-terminus and conta...

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HRT, a Novel Zinc Finger, Transcriptional Repressor from Barley

Cited by 77 publications

References 41 publications

Cloning and Characterization of a Gibberellin-Induced RNase Expressed in Barley Aleurone Cells1

Cloning and Characterization of a Gibberellin-Induced RNase Expressed in Barley Aleurone Cells1

Dynamic Cytology and Transcriptional Regulation of Rice Lamina Joint Development

The WRKY Gene Family in Rice (Oryza sativa)

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