HTML5 and openness in mobile platforms

Schrock, Andrew Richard

doi:10.1080/10304312.2014.941333

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The debate over authority to a story is particularly tricky in this case, given that the actors in the HTML story were still active. In choosing a story of a closely related standard that was still actively being developed (Schrock 2014), it raised a question of whether and why actors should break from the existing development and enable representatives from the origin story (W3C) to stake a strong claim on authority over the story. Using it as a literal road map also raised expectations for certain actions including development process and implementation.…”

Section: Standards and Their Recurring Stories: Deployment And Negotimentioning

confidence: 99%

Standards and Their (Recurring) Stories: How Augmented Reality Markup Language Was Built on Stories of Past Standards

Liao

2019

Science, Technology, & Human Values

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This article focuses on the role of past standards stories and how they are deployed strategically in ways that shape the process of standards creation. It draws upon an ethnographic study over multiple years of standards meetings, discussions, and online activity. Building on existing work that examines how standards are shaped by stories, this study follows the development of Augmented Reality Markup Language and maps how the story of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) became the key story that actors utilized and debated to push for participation, agreement, and material development of the standard. The authors present several different ways the recurring HTML story was effective at various points in the process as a diagnostic tool, promissory future, empirical evidence, and confidence building measure. Understanding these strategic deployments serves as an empirical example of how recurring stories of the past can shape standards development. These mappings illustrate how standards can be built on past standards sociologically as well as technologically and also broadens our theoretical tools for understanding the importance of stories in the sociology of standards.

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Section: Standards and Their Recurring Stories: Deployment And Negotimentioning

confidence: 99%

Standards and Their (Recurring) Stories: How Augmented Reality Markup Language Was Built on Stories of Past Standards

Liao

2019

Science, Technology, & Human Values

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“…As we have explained before, the role of digital commons in Internet standards is especially important as there are infrastructures that have created by the cooperative efforts of several companies (De Rosnay and Le Crosnier, 2012; Vercellone et al, 2015), institutions and individuals committed with different values and attitudes. Openness is an ideal that attracts entrepreneurs, hackers and innovative companies (Russell, 2014) but it also demands awareness, participation and negotiation (Schrock, 2014) for promoting a shared consensus about technological trajectories. Nobody has the power to shut down the Web because it is a platform on which a vast number of companies, organizations and users collaborate and the development of digital commons such as HTML5 has made it possible to tailor web standards to the real needs of users.…”

Section: Html5 As New Digital Commonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But at the same time this cooperative effort of different stakeholders in the digital economy also has been pushed by different interests of major players that were pursuing new commercial opportunities in the transition towards a mobile devices paradigm (Schrock, 2014). This episode in the recent history of the Web provides an idea of how the participation of different agents in technological development can contribute to developing standards that are more aligned to the real needs of users but also on how big companies work towards the promotion of different values that can attract participation and involvement of different collectivities that can being converted to their interests.…”

Section: Html5 As New Digital Commonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Everything related to the mobile and multimedia technologies has created new battlefields with new players and new application ecosystems but they are all possible because of the Web standards. Specially, major digital players have extended their operational area and have gained a dominant position in media industries thanks to the development of new native Web standards capabilities (Schrock, 2014).…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But nowadays, with a more fragmented market, major digital companies like Apple or Google are also affected by the proliferation of proprietary software as those elements disrupt their expansion to the media ecosystem. HTML5 is a way to promote a technological platform for entering the media industry for several Internet companies that want to disrupt this business (Schrock, 2014) and at the same time creating an open digital infrastructure that is maintained by these emerging actors. This is the revolution implied in the development of HTML5 and most particularly the great contribution of the WHATWG group, on which the work of Mozilla Firefox, Opera Software and Apple was based, and which was subsequently supported the W3C.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Understanding the role of digital commons in the web; The making of HTML5

Tabarés¹

2018

Telematics and Informatics

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The last version of Web´s hypertext standard has been developed from 2004 to 2014. During this era, HTML5 has experienced different crossroads due to the variety of motivations and needs that the main stakeholders interested in its development had. On October 2014, the standard got official by the W3C and closed a period of uncertainty around the future of the Web but at the same time, this agreement also introduced a major change in the own conception of the hypertext´s standard. In this paper we review the current status of digital commons on the Web and the development of HTML5. We also confront this analysis with several semi-structured interviews carried out with different experts in web development that represent at the same time different players of Web´s value chain. We argue that the development of HTML5 represents a new digital commons that prevented the proliferation of proprietary software that took place during the "Web 2.0" period. We claim that the World Wide Web promotes the development of new digital commons due to its own basis as a non-proprietary socio-technological platform. We also conclude that the development of standards and non-proprietary digital technologies is of outmost importance for the future of web business models that are fuelled by major digital players.

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Infrastructural action in Vietnam: Inverting the techno-politics of hacking in the global South

Nguyen

2016

New Media & Society

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This article introduces the concept of infrastructural action and argues that it serves as a useful analytical tool to understand hacking in the global South. Infrastructural action consists of the delicate ways in which people establish socio-technical connections when located along the margins of global modernity. In Vietnam, hacking is situated within the illicit circulations of global commodities. These circulations form pervasive infrastructures for clandestine importation of “hand-carried” goods into the country. Embedded within these circulations, hacking consists of a strategy for breaking into global techno-culture rather than breaking out of socio-technical limitations. By contextualizing hacking within the larger dilemmas of distance within global integration, this notion of infrastructural action serves as a critique of the techno-political ethos of transgression typical of hacking discourses in the global North.

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HTML5 and openness in mobile platforms

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Standards and Their (Recurring) Stories: How Augmented Reality Markup Language Was Built on Stories of Past Standards

Standards and Their (Recurring) Stories: How Augmented Reality Markup Language Was Built on Stories of Past Standards

Understanding the role of digital commons in the web; The making of HTML5

Infrastructural action in Vietnam: Inverting the techno-politics of hacking in the global South

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