HTTP Adaptive Streaming in Mobile Networks: Characteristics and Caching Opportunities

Gouta, Ali; Hong, Dohy; Kermarrec, Anne-Marie; Lelouedec, Yannick

doi:10.1109/mascots.2013.17

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Network-driven approaches to improve content delivery tive nature of HAS clients require specialized cache replacement solutions as well. Previous works have looked into areas of cache replacement [107] and prefetching strategies for caches [108] in the case of quality adaptive videos, segment-based caching and prefetching [109] and, prefetching under the context of layered quality adaptation [110] as seen with SVC. This thesis proposes prefetching strategies for caches, which are designed with HAS download patterns in mind.…”

Section: Http Cachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming of Linear and Interactive Videos

Krishnamoorthi¹

2018

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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Online video streaming has gained tremendous popularity over recent years and currently constitutes the majority of Internet traffic. As large-scale ondemand streaming continues to gain popularity, several important questions and challenges remain unanswered. This thesis addresses open questions in the areas of efficient content delivery for HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming (HAS) from different perspectives (client, network and content provider) and in the design, implementation, and evaluation of interactive streaming applications over HAS.As streaming usage scales and new streaming services emerge, continuous improvements are required to both the infrastructure and the techniques used to deliver high-quality streams. In the context of Content Delivery Network (CDN) nodes or proxies, this thesis investigates the interaction between HAS clients and proxy caches. In particular, we propose and evaluate classes of content-aware and collaborative policies that take advantage of information that is already available, or share information among elements in the delivery chain, where all involved parties can benefit. Asides from the users' playback experience, it is also important for content providers to minimize users' startup times. We have designed and evaluated different classes of client-side policies that can prefetch data from the videos that the users are most likely to watch next, without negatively affecting the currently watched video. To help network providers to monitor and ensure that their customers enjoy good playback experiences, we have proposed and evaluated techniques that can be used to estimate clients' current buffer conditions. Since several services today stream over HTTPS, our solution is adapted to predict client buffer conditions by only observing encrypted network-level traffic. Our solution allows the operator to identify clients with low-buffer conditions and implement policies that help avoid playback stalls.The emergence of HAS as the de facto standard for delivering streaming content also opens the door to use it to deliver the next generation of streaming services, such as various forms of interactive services. This class of services is gaining popularity and is expected to be the next big thing in entertainment. For the area of interactive streaming, this thesis proposes, models, designs, and evaluates novel streaming applications such as interactive branched videos and multi-video stream bundles. For these applications, we design and evaluate careful prefetching policies that provides seamless playback (without stalls or switching delay) even when interactive branched video viewers defer their choices to the last possible moment and when users switches between alternative streams within multi-video stream bundles. Using optimization frameworks, we design and implement effective buffer management techniques for seamless playback experiences and evaluate several tradeoffs using our policies. Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattningInternet och World Wide Web (WWW) har vuxit till vik...

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Section: Http Cachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming of Linear and Interactive Videos

Krishnamoorthi¹

2018

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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“…The quality adaptive nature of HAS clients require specialized cache replacement solutions as well. Previous works have looked into areas of cache replacement [85] and prefetching strategies for caches [86] in the case of quality adaptive videos, segment-based caching and prefetching [87] and, prefetching under the context of layered quality adaptation [88] as seen with SVC. This thesis proposes prefetching strategies for caches, which are designed with HAS download patterns in mind.…”

Section: Proxy-driven Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and Adaptive Content Delivery of Linear and Interactive Branched Videos

Krishnamoorthi¹

2016

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Video streaming over the Internet has gained tremendous popularity over recent years and currently constitutes the majority of Internet traffic. The on-demand delivery of high quality video streaming has been enabled by a combination of consistent improvements in residential download speeds, HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming (HAS), extensive content caching, and the use of Content Distribution Networks (CDNs). However, as large-scale on-demand streaming is gaining popularity, several important questions and challenges remain unanswered, including determining how the infrastructure can best be leveraged to provide users with the best possible playback experience. In addition, it is important to develop new techniques and protocols that facilitate the next generation of streaming applications. Innovative services such as interactive branched streaming are gaining popularity and are expected to be the next big thing in on-demand entertainment. The major contributions of this thesis are in the area of efficient content delivery of video streams using HAS. To address the two challenges above, the work utilizes a combination of different methods and tools, ranging from real-world measurements, characterization of system performance, proof-of-concept implementations, protocol optimization, and evaluation under realistic environments. First, through careful experiments, we evaluate the performance impact and interaction of HAS clients with proxy caches. Having studied the typical interactions between HAS clients and caches, we then design and evaluate content-aware policies to be used by the proxy caches, which parse the client requests and prefetch the chunks that are most likely to be requested next. In addition, we also design cooperative policies in which clients and proxies share information about the playback session. Our evaluations reveal that, in general, the bottleneck location and network conditions play central roles in which policy choices are most advantageous, and the location of the bottlenecks significantly impact the relative performance differences between policy classes. We also show that careful design and policy selection is important when trying to enhance HAS performance using proxy assistance. Second, this thesis proposes, models, designs, and evaluates novel streaming applications such as interactive branched videos. In such videos, users can influence the content that is being shown to them. We design and evaluate careful prefetching policies that provides seamless playback even when the users defer their path choices to the last possible moment. We derive optimized prefetching policies using an optimization framework, design and implement effective buffer management techniques for seamless playback at branch points, and use parallel TCP connections to achieve efficient buffer workahead. Through performance evaluations, we show that our policies can effectively prefetch data of carefully adapted qualities along multiple alternative paths so to ensure seamless playback, offering users a ple...

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“…In one test, we manually switch the video bitrate from 1 Mbps to 8 Mbps and TCP (Cubic) only takes a few hundred milliseconds to ramp up; (ii) DASH clients usually pick a small initial segment size (video bitrate) to reduce the video loading time and build a sufficiently large buffer level to avoid future stalling [21], which exacerbates the slow convergence; (iii) LTE bandwidth of a client typically fluctuates more than shown in Figure 2 due to the competing traffic and mobility. In such cases, the slow convergence causes the throughput estimation to keep lagging behind bandwidth, which severely compromises the performance.…”

Section: Background and Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

piStream

Xie

Zhang

Kumar

et al. 2015

Proceedings of the 21st Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

110

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Adaptive HTTP video streaming over LTE has been gaining popularity due to LTE's high capacity. Quality of adaptive streaming depends highly on the accuracy of client's estimation of end-to-end network bandwidth, which is challenging due to LTE link dynamics. In this paper, we present piStream, that allows a client to efficiently monitor the LTE basestation's PHY-layer resource allocation, and then map such information to an estimation of available bandwidth. Given the PHY-informed bandwidth estimation, piStream uses a probabilistic algorithm to balance video quality and the risk of stalling, taking into account the burstiness of LTE downlink traffic loads. We conduct a real-time implementation of piStream on a software-radio tethered to an LTE smartphone. Comparison with state-of-the-art adaptive streaming protocols demonstrates that piStream can effectively utilize the LTE bandwidth, achieving high video quality with minimal stalling rate.

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HTTP Adaptive Streaming in Mobile Networks: Characteristics and Caching Opportunities

Cited by 15 publications

References 15 publications

Efficient HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming of Linear and Interactive Videos

Efficient HTTP-based Adaptive Streaming of Linear and Interactive Videos

Efficient and Adaptive Content Delivery of Linear and Interactive Branched Videos

piStream

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