Human Adipose-Derived Adult Stem Cells Produce Osteoidin Vivo

Abstract

Adult subcutaneous fat tissue is an abundant source of multipotent cells. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that, in vitro, adipose-derived adult stem (ADAS) cells express bone marker proteins including alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, osteopontin, and osteocalcin and produce a mineralized matrix as shown by alizarin red staining. In the current study, the ADAS cell ability to form osteoid in vivo was determined. ADAS cells were isolated from liposuction waste of three individual donors and expanded in vitro before implantation. Equal numbers of cells (3 x 10(6)) were loaded onto either hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (HA-TCP) cubes or the collagen/HA-TCP composite matrix, Collagraft, and then implanted subcutaneously into SCID mice. After 6 weeks, implants were removed, fixed, and demineralized and sectioned for hematoxylin and eosin staining. Osteoid formation was observed in 80% of HA-TCP implants loaded with ADAS cells. Only 20% of Collagraft implants were positive for the presence of osteoid matrix. Whereas 100% of HA-TCP implants loaded with hFOB 1.19 cells formed osteoid, Collagraft loaded with hFOB 1.19 cells displayed a high degree of adipose tissue within the matrix. Immunostaining of serial sections for human nuclear antigen demonstrated that the osteoid contained human cells. Osteoid formation was not observed in control HA-TCP or Collagraft matrices implanted without cells. In summary, the data demonstrate the ability of ADAS cells to form osteoid matrix in vivo. Because of their abundance and accessibility, ADAS cells may prove to be a novel cell therapeutic for bone repair and regeneration.

Bone tissue engineering by using a combination of polymer/Bioglass composites with human adipose-derived stem cells

“…Adipose tissue is an abundant source of mesenchymal stem cells, which have shown promise in the field of regenerative medicine (Hicok et al 2004;Lalande et al 2011;Parker and Katz 2006).…”

“…Adipose tissue has recently been demonstrated as a viable source of stem cells that can differentiate along adipogenic, myogenic, chondrogenic, neuronal and osteogenic lineage pathways in vitro (De Ugarte et al 2003;Gabbay et al 2006;Kokai et al 2005;Zuk et al 2002;Zuk et al 2001) and/or in vivo lee (Hicok et al 2004;Lee et al 2003;Lee et al 2010;Parker and Katz 2006;Wosnitza et al 2007). To date, bone marrow has been the traditional source of human multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for skeletal tissue engineering but adipose tissue appears to offer an alternative, more readily available and highly accessible stem cell source (Mehrkens et al 2012;Sterodimas et al 2009).…”

Processing of Lipoaspirate Samples for Optimal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolation

“…MSC can be introduced simultaneously, and the tissue processing should be concerned by their viability and their capacity to functionally integrate into the tissue where they are implanted. Alternatively, MSC can be harvested and expanded in vitro, in order to reach the required cell number, and used subsequently for filling or repair of different tissues such as dermis, connective tissue, bone and associated tissues, as well as blood vessels in repair of both peripheral or cardiac tissue ischemia (Hicok et al, 2004;Casteilla et al, 2005;Hanson et al, 2010). In these cell therapies, the implantation of cells lags behind the harvesting for several days or weeks.…”

Enhanced bone formation in large segmental radial defects by combining adipose-derived stem cells expressing bone morphogenetic protein 2 with nHA/RHLC/PLA scaffold

“…Compared with BMSCs, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have the similar multilineage differentiation capacity, but are easier to obtain, carry relatively lower donor site morbidity, and are available in larger numbers [4]. All these characteristics have made ASCs a seed cell source of interest and these cells have been shown to possess good osteogenic potency at ectopic and orthotopic sites [2,3,5].…”