Human Asian Trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma evansi: A Rare Case

Wabale, Vaishali; Nalage, Prashant; Joshi, Ameeta; Bharadwaj, Renu; Deshpande, K. B.; Chowdhary, Abhay

doi:10.14737/journal.jap/2015/2.3.65.68

Cited by 8 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…congolense (TRUC et al, 1998) and (TRUC et al, 1998) and T. evansi T. evansi (JOSHI et al (JOSHI et al, ., 2005;WABALE et al, 2015;CHAU et al, 2016CHAU et al, ). 2005WABALE et al, 2015;CHAU et al, 2016). Trypanosoma barrettoi Trypanosoma barrettoi has been isolated from the blood of fi sh .…”

Section: Introduction Introduction Preamble Preamblementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotherapeutic control of trypanosomosis - a review of past measures, current status and future trends

Eghianruwa

Oridupa

2018

Vet. arhiv

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Section: Introduction Introduction Preamble Preamblementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotherapeutic control of trypanosomosis - a review of past measures, current status and future trends

Eghianruwa

Oridupa

2018

Vet. arhiv

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“…Surra infections in farmers have been reported to be caused due to their frequent contact with vectors of Surra. Ekawasti et al 25 reported the presence of a highly abundant population of hematophagous flies in Sumba, which increased the probability of transmission of T. evansi to the farmers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Surra (trypanosomiasis) positivity in humans in an outbreak area of Indonesia

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND Surra is an infection caused by a blood protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma evansi, and transmitted by blood-sucking insects. The parasite generally infects only animals; however, it was reported to infect an Indian cattle farmer in 2004, followed by reports of other human cases. The most severe Surra outbreak in Indonesia occurred in Sumba Island during 2010–2012, resulting in the death of more than 2,000 livestock. This study was conducted to explore the serological status of farmers who have intensive contact with their livestock against T. evansi infection in Southwest Sumba district. METHODS A total of 24 serum samples were collected from farmers living in the Surra outbreak area. All sera were tested using both card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis/T. evansi (CATT/T. evansi) and field enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FELISA). RESULTS Of the 24 serum samples, 4 (16.7%) samples were seropositive for the antigen T. evansi using both tests. This is the first report of human trypanosomiasis (Surra) in Indonesia. Unfortunately, the clinical manifestations of farmers with positive Surra infection were not reported because all sera samples used in this study were obtained from the Public Health Service with no reports of clinical signs from the respondents. CONCLUSIONS Farmers living in the Surra outbreak area have a high risk of being infected with T. evansi due to their potential frequent contact with Surra vectors. Therefore, T. evansi infection in humans requires attention as it might have the potential to develop as a new emerging zoonotic disease in Indonesia.

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“…Manusia yang menderita Surra akan menunjukkan gejala klinis berupa demam yang berkepanjangan hingga berbulan-bulan (Haridy et al 2011;Singla & Sumbria 2016). Wabale et al (2015) menggambarkan bahwa penderita Surra mengalami anemia yang parah dan apabila diikuti dengan infeksi retroviral disease (RVD) maka akan terjadi limpadenitis dan infeksi saluran pernafasan atas (ISPA), kesulitan bernafas, batuk serta demam selama satu bulan. Penderita juga mengalami rasa sakit pada bagian abdomen dan telinga dalam jangka waktu yang lama (kurang lebih 15 hari).…”

Section: Gejala Klinisunclassified

“…Penderita imunosupresi dilaporkan memiliki risiko yang tinggi terhadap infeksi T. evansi, terutama jika mereka tinggal di daerah endemik Surra. Pernyataan ini dibenarkan oleh Wabale et al (2015) yang melaporkan kasus trypanosomiasis yang disebabkan oleh T. evansi pada wanita yang sedang hamil dan menderita penyakit retroviral tuberkulosis limfadenitis di Mumbai, India. Penderita mengalami imunosupresi sehingga terjangkit Surra.…”

Section: Uji Serologis Surra Pada Manusia DI Indonesiaunclassified

“…Trypanosomiasis pada ternak harus dimonitor dan dikendalikan dengan lebih hati-hati untuk meminimalkan kejadian risiko infeksi T. evansi yang kemungkinan telah beradaptasi dengan serum normal manusia dan menghindari mekanisme trypanolitik pada darah. Sejauh ini belum ada vaksin yang tersedia untuk mengendalikan Surra baik pada hewan maupun pada manusia (Wabale et al 2015). Perhatian kedua penyakit trypanosomiasis baik pada ternak dan manusia harus dilakukan oleh pihak-pihak terkait sehingga angka kejadian kedua penyakit tersebut dapat ditekan, terutama pada daerah endemis Surra seperti di kepulauan Indonesia.…”

Section: Uji Serologis Surra Pada Manusia DI Indonesiaunclassified

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Surra: Trypanosomiasis in Livestock is Potential as Zoonotic Disease

Wardhana¹,

Savitri²

2018

WARTAZOA

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Trypanosoma evansi is one of blood protozoans having the most wide distribution region compared to other Trypanosome species. The parasite causes trypanosomiasis known as Surra. The disease may cause mortality to the infected animals. In general T evansi only attack animal and cannot infect humans due to apolipoprotein 1 (Apo L-1) in human serum. The protein possess trypanolitic activity feature against T. evansi and effectively eliminates the protozoa. However, the knowledge of Surra infecting animals changed because there were atypical human trypanosomiasis cases reported in some countries due to T. evansi. The human Surra case occurred in Vietnam demonstrated that person with Apo L-1 could be infected by T. evansi. There was resistant strain of T. evansi found which able to disrupt human immune system. This paper will discuss Surra cases in both humans and animals, including mechanism of Apo L-1 on eliminating the parasite. Surra cases in human and animal should be seriously concerned because Surra could be pontential zoonosis threating human health.

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Human Asian Trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma evansi: A Rare Case

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Chemotherapeutic control of trypanosomosis - a review of past measures, current status and future trends

Chemotherapeutic control of trypanosomosis - a review of past measures, current status and future trends

Detection of Surra (trypanosomiasis) positivity in humans in an outbreak area of Indonesia

Surra: Trypanosomiasis in Livestock is Potential as Zoonotic Disease

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