Human bladder cancer: Evidence for a potential irritation-induced mechanism

Burin, G.J.; Gibb, Herman J.; Hill, Richard N.

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(95)00045-4

Cited by 65 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Human and experimental studies have shown that bladder infections induce squamous metaplasia of the bladder, a process that may subsequently lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder, but not to TCC (Burin et al, 1995), which is also supported by the strong associations between bladder infections and squamous cell carcinomas of the bladder, and not with TCC (IARC, 1994;Burin et al, 1995;Michaud, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The majority of urethritis in men are secondary to sexually transmitted diseases such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea (Wong and Stamm, 1983), which has been found to be associated with a significantly increased risk in three studies (Mommsen and Sell, 1983;La Vecchia et al, 1991;Michaud et al, 2007). If a history of UTI indeed increased the risk, one would expect a higher incidence of bladder cancer among women than among men, as well as a higher incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder vs TCC (Burin et al, 1995). However, bladder cancer is 3 -4 times more common in men than in women, and approximately 90% of bladder cancer in the US are TCCs (with only 7% being of squamous cell carcinoma type) (Yu and Ross, Women with a bladder infection occurring within 5 years of cancer diagnosis were excluded from the analyses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Urinary tract infections and reduced risk of bladder cancer in Los Angeles

et al. 2009

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We investigated the association between urinary tract infections (UTIs) and transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a populationbased case -control study in Los Angeles covering 1586 cases and age-, gender-, and race-matched neighbourhood controls. A history of bladder infection was associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer among women (odds ratio (OR), 0.66; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.46 -0.96). No effect was found in men, perhaps due to power limitations. A greater reduction in bladder cancer risk was observed among women with multiple infections (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.18 -0.78). Exclusion of subjects with a history of diabetes, kidney or bladder stones did not change the inverse association. A history of kidney infections was not associated with bladder cancer risk, but there was a weak association between a history of other UTIs and slightly increased risk among men. Our results suggest that a history of bladder infection is associated with a reduced risk of bladder cancer among women. Cytotoxicity from antibiotics commonly used to treat bladder infections is proposed as one possible explanation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Urinary tract infections and reduced risk of bladder cancer in Los Angeles

et al. 2009

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“…There is also evidence that chronic inflammation, caused either by infections or by stones, has a role in the promotion of bladder cancer (Kunze et al, 1992;Burin et al, 1995), and a considerable fluid intake may reduce the risk of kidney stones (Pak, 1998) and hence possibly bladder cancer risk. The role of urinary tract stones on bladder carcinogenesis in humans remains, however, unclear (La Vecchia & Airoldi, 1999).…”

Section: European Journal Of Clinical Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluid intake and risk of bladder and other cancers

2003

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There are appreciable differences in total fluid intake at the individual and population level, and substantial difficulties in obtaining valid measures of fluid intake. Epidemiological studies have examined the association between fluid intake and different types of cancer. For bladder cancer, fluid consumption has been associated with a moderate increase of risk in some studies, including a multicentric case-control study from the United States, based on about 3000 cases, with a decrease in others, including the Health Professional Follow-up study, or with no material association. The evidence, therefore, is far from consistent. Sources and components of fluids were also different across different types studies. From a biological point of view, a decreased fluid intake could result in a greater concentration of carcinogens in the urine or in a prolonged time of contact with the bladder mucosa because of less frequent micturition. Carcinogenic or anticarcinogenic components of various beverages excreted in the urine may also play a role in the process. It has been suggested that fluid consumption has a favorable effect on colorectal cancer risk. Fluid intake may reduce colon cancer risk by decreasing bowel transit time and reducing mucosal contact with carcinogens. Low fluid intake may also compromise cellular concentration, affect enzyme activity in metabolic regulation, and inhibit carcinogen removal. However, epidemiological data are inadequate for evaluation. Data are sparse and inconsistent for other neoplasms, including breast cancer. The fluid constituent of foods, confounding, interactions and possible influences of specific types of beverages should be investigated further. In conclusion therefore the association between total fluid intake and cancer risk remains still open to debate.

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“…However, rodent bladder tumors cannot be directly extrapolated for humans. In fact, there is a suggestion of a weak association concerning calculi in humans as a potential risk factor for bladder cancer [9]. A major difference between rodent and human bladders, which potentially affects the carcinogenic hazard from calculi, is related to the horizontal versus vertical status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%