Human Bone Inspired Design of an Mg Alloy-Based Foam

Abstract

As an initial step of this research, open cell magnesium foams were obtained by infiltration casting using a preform of salt particles with irregular morphology. Despite this metallic foam was a successful approach to bone replacement scaffold, the properties of a metal foam need to be improved to meet the requirements by accurately adjusting the porous geometry. The tissue scaffold structure should be submissive biologically as well as mechanically and should at best mimic the natural properties of bone to act as an accurate bone substitute. The architectural and mechanical bone scaffold parameters determine the biological outcome.This work aims to design and manufacture an ordered foam with mechanical and architectural properties similar to those of the bone using an Mg alloy as a base material. Accordingly, representative features were identified to generate computer-aided designed (CAD) unit cells. Then, a set of the selected cells was assembled to obtain a specified architecture for bone replacement. Finite element method analysis was applied to calculate the mechanical response. The architectural parameters were varied to match the elastic properties of human bone concerning suitable exposed area, volume, and pore size. The best architecture was determined by compression loading acting on the assembly. Finally, polymeric stamps with sets of truncated octahedrons will be printed from the CAD model and were replicated in a clay made with a combination of salt and flour. Infiltration casting will obtain last of all, open cell magnesium foams.

[Retracted] AZ63/Ti/Zr Nanocomposite for Bone‐Related Biomedical Applications

“…Of all these materials, magnesium and its alloys are the innovative materials for bone implants. Compared with that of the human bone, Young's modulus of the magnesium alloys has similar value; hence, it is an apt material for bone replacement [11][12][13]. Similarly, the density of the magnesium alloy is 1.79 g/cm 3 , while it was denoted that the closer density value of the human bone is 1.75 g/cm 3 .…”

In Vitro Corrosion Behavior of Biodegradable Iron Foams with Polymeric Coating

“…Degradation of BM depends on various factors and it is known that besides the composition of the specimen, the preparation method and its geometrical form plays also an important role [23]. The porous structure is beneficial for healthy vascularization and tissue ingrowth and is typically used in the field of orthopedic implants [24][25][26].…”

Surface Modifications of Biodegradable Metallic Foams for Medical Applications

“…Different fabrications routes of metallic foams and their outcomes are listed and depicted in Figure 2. The infiltration casting method is routinely used to fabricate porous Mg-based and Zn-based structures [25,[54][55][56]. Foaming with blowing agents and the Gasar process are very common manufacturing techniques for porous Mg and Mg alloys [5,29,30,51,57].…”

“…This phenomenon was assigned to a decrease in viscosity of the melt surface resulting from the formation of magnesium oxides which may agglomerate locally with other oxides. Other open-cell AZ31 alloy foams were obtained by infiltration casting using the salt mold to make human-like designed cellular material [54]. Zhang et al prepared Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with high uniform porosity and studied its degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility [55].…”

“…Some of the zinc and zinc-based foams [56,65] which were discussed above are depicted in Figure 7 for comparison. Other open-cell AZ31 alloy foams were obtained by infiltration casting using the salt mold to make human-like designed cellular material [54]. Zhang et al prepared Mg-Zn-Ca alloy with high uniform porosity and studied its degradation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility [55].…”