“…One is how to quantify the level of human capital. There are a few widely used measures: literacy rate [49], enrollment rate [50][51][52], average years of schooling [17,53,54], the number of individuals given level of education [55], educational facilities [56], labor income [57], and education expenditure [56,58,59]. Recent literature uses employment ratio to college graduates [60,61] and the share of working-age residents who completed university or college education [4].…”