Human capital, economic growth, and regional inequality in China

Fleisher, Belton M.; Li, Haizheng; Zhao, Min

doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2009.01.010

Cited by 574 publications

(330 citation statements)

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“…A fully nonparametric time-variant stochastic frontier model has been specified to allow for province effects and time effects to enter the production function with other inputs in a nonparametric way. The The empirical findings in this paper have improved the discussion on China's productivity analysis, echoed on such recent discussions as regional inequality, disparity in growth inputs and human capital development in China's post-reform economic development (Wu, 2008;Li and Liu, 2011;Chang, 2002;Fleisher and Zhao, 2010;Liu and Li, 2006;Chi, 2008;Li et al, 2009 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

An analysis on technical efficiency in post-reform China

Zhou¹,

2011

China Economic Review

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Abstract:This paper employs a fully nonparametric stochastic frontier model with time and individual effects to study technical efficiency in China's post-reform economy. The panel data cover China's thirty provinces for the period of 1985-2008. The empirical results show that the average output elasticity of labor is larger than the other two inputs of capital and human capital. Based on the specified inefficiency Tobit model, the factor analysis on technical efficiency shows that the time effects of technical efficiency in China's post-reform economy are significantly contingent on the factors. There exists significant regional differences in technical efficiency in China's economic development, and a number of policy implications can be drawn.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

An analysis on technical efficiency in post-reform China

Zhou¹,

2011

China Economic Review

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“…One explanation for this could be that coastal provinces have easier access to internationalization strategies that enable them to absorb advanced knowledge and technologies through scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation with foreigners [63]. In addition, innovative actors in coastal provinces are more open than those in inland areas and face fiercer international competition, which could help them gain advanced technology and managerial experience through technological spillovers or the "learning effect" [64], resulting in INN_EFCY that is better than that of the central regions [65]. Further, the scores of CRE_EFCY are higher than those of COM_EFCY, mainly in southeastern provinces (Figure 3).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Innovation Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do External or Internal Technology Spillovers Have a Stronger Influence on Innovation Efficiency in China?

Qin

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:In this study, we bridge an important gap in the literature by comparing the extent to which external technology spillovers, as indicated by foreign direct investment (FDI), and internal technology spillovers, as indicated by university-institute-industry cooperation (UIC), influence innovation efficiency in China. We divide the innovation process into two sequential stages, namely the knowledge creation and technology commercialization stages, and employ a network data envelopment analysis approach to measure innovation efficiency at each stage. The spatial analysis of the distribution of knowledge creation efficiency and technology commercialization efficiency reveals the heterogeneity of innovation efficiency at the provincial level. Then, a panel data regression is used to analyze the effect of FDI and UIC on innovation efficiency at each stage, using data from 2009 to 2015 for 30 provinces in China. By comparing FDI with UIC, we find that FDI has a higher coefficient and stronger significance level at the knowledge creation stage, while only industry-institute linkages exhibit a stronger association with innovation efficiency at the technology commercialization stage.

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Section: (2) Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large part of the literature on inequality in China focuses on spatial differences between coastal and interior regions, and across rural and urban areas (see, among others, Fleisher et al (2010), Kanbur and Zhang (2005), Chen and Fleisher (1996), Knight and Song (1999), Park (2008) is partly responsible for our focus on non-farm occupations is that non-farm income has 13 As we discuss later, the farm and nonfarm distinction carries different meanings before and after the reform, because the policies implemented during the Maoist era (in particular the cultural revolution) were aimed at enhancing the social position of peasants and improving educational mobility of their children (see, among others, Hannum and Xie (1994), Sato and Li (2007), and Hannum et al (2008)). …”

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confidence: 99%

Are the Children of Uneducated Farmers Doubly Doomed? Farm, Nonfarm and Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Rural China

Emran

Sun

2014

SSRN Journal

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This paper relaxes the single factor model of intergenerational educational mobility standard in the literature, and develops a research design to study the effects of parents' education and occupation on children's schooling. We use survey data from rural China that cover three generations and are not subject to coresidency bias. The evidence from recently developed matching and propensity score weighted estimators shows that the mean effects of parents education from the standard model miss substantial heterogeneity. Within the low education subsample, a son (girl) attains about 0.80 (0.60) years of additional schooling when born into a non-farm household compared to a farm household, and among the farming households, a child gains a one year of schooling when at least one parent has more than primary schooling. Having nonfarm parents, however, does not confer any advantages over the farmer parents if the farmers are relatively more educated, even though nonfarm households have significantly higher income. This suggests that income plays a secondary role to parental education. Estimates of cross-partial effects without imposing functional form show little evidence of complementarity between parental education and non-farm occupation. The role of family background remains stable across generations for girls, but for boys, family background has become more important after the market reform.Key Words: Educational Mobility, Inequality, Rural China, Nonfarm, Education and Occupation, Family Background, Heterogeneity, Complementarity, Market Reform, Gender Gap JEL Codes: O12, J621 We would like to thank Li Shi, Zhan Peng, and Song Jin for help with the CHIP survey data, and Matthew Lindquist and Forhad Shilpi for helpful comments and/or discussions. (1) IntroductionIncreasing inequality despite sustained economic growth and poverty reduction in last few decades has become a central policy issue in both developed and developing countries (Stiglitz (2012), Rajan (2010), Picketty (2014)). Inequality and its negative effects have also been high on the agenda of the Chinese policymakers in recent years. 2 There is a broad consensus among the policy makers and academic economists that education is one of the most important policy instruments to make the playing field level for children from the poor socio-economic background, and moderate the inequality generated by market reform. It is thus important to understand potential disadvantages faced by children from a poor socio-economic background in attaining the education and skills required in an increasingly globalized and skill-based labor market.The economics literature on intergenerational educational mobility has focused on parental education as the relevant indicator of family background for understanding intergenerational linkages (see Bjorklund and Salvanes (2011) for a recent survey, and on China, see, among others, Knight et al. (2013), Sato and Li (2007), Emran and Sun (2011)). This emphasis on parental education is eminently appropriate when the goal is...

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Human capital, economic growth, and regional inequality in China

Cited by 574 publications

References 50 publications

An analysis on technical efficiency in post-reform China

An analysis on technical efficiency in post-reform China

Do External or Internal Technology Spillovers Have a Stronger Influence on Innovation Efficiency in China?

Are the Children of Uneducated Farmers Doubly Doomed? Farm, Nonfarm and Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Rural China

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